Jcpenney Swot free essay sample

Strengths Some of the strengths of JCPenney are that their corporation has a long history because they have been around since 1907. This long sense of history has earned them brand recognition worldwide. Their establishment of locations nationwide has given customers with a square deal and popular brand names. One of their most important strengths is their location as a customer you look for convenience in the store in how close it is and their services but exclusively their prices, JCPenney pursues to lower their prices and have many sales included during the month. The convenience meets the customer satisfaction which results in the customer to return to the store. Weaknesses A major weakness for JCPenney is that they have had in the past surplus inventory. The overflow in the items they had acquired had caused them to lose profits over just a couple of days and the spare stock wasn’t removed so because of this they weren’t able to meet the new fashion tendencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Jcpenney Swot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This disaster also caused the company to not be able to obtain new goods since all their budget was used to buy the surplus inventory in the store. They lacked to obtain new fashion trend which cost them the ability to attract new customers. Causing customers to believe they had limited brands. Opportunities JCPenney has some of the most experience management that has worked with other store competitors. They would allow JCPenney to create new ideas in order publicize and exemplify the company and help the profits in their firm. Since most of the customers have a JCPenney credit card they are able o check their annual incomes, the assortments are viewed that the incomes are middle class families with a financial gain of $25,000 to $50,000. With this data they seek for new ways to entice the middle class family with affordable prices for both, the company and the customer. Which is where the catalog comes into place, the catalog is used for people who may not find some items they want in stock they are able to shop from the catalog in their like of color, size, and style with no cost of shipping. Also JCPenney includes sales in their store almost every week especially for a member of a credit card from JCP. Threats The fact that JCPenney is no longer located in many places by itself but within a mall contracts a lot of competition from other stores inside the mall itself, creating a big downfall for JCPenney. The request for any kind of clothing or product in the store is elastic, so if the customer feels the price is too high then they go and shop at alternative business corporation with a more economic price. Like for example, Wal-Mart where they say â€Å"We’ll match any price†. Through the years JCP has become a large corporation with a big strive and an objective to remain competitive and like any other company they have their weaknesses and their strengths. Yet they manage to incorporate new developed systems for customer satisfaction and the company’s benefits. Although JCP has a long line of competitors they strive for excellence in their services, and I say this personally because I shop there a lot!

Marine Corps Business Research

Marine Corps Business Research Free Online Research Papers Business Research Applications Paper In every business atmosphere some form of research being conducted at all levels to improve performance, make better returns on investments, decide on the next project, and many other forms. Research is conducted to provide managers with decision making abilities. How a manager decides to complete one task over another is often based on research. This paper will focus on research in the Marine Corps. Business Research is defined as â€Å"a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide managerial decisions. More specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize business performance.† (Cooper Schindler, 2006, p. 4). In the Marine Corps, many forms of research are being conducted at all times to improve the capabilities and cost effectiveness of the Service as a whole. Many different categories are covered in research in the Marine Corps such as Recruiting and Retention, Training and Education, Procurement and use of various forms of gear and warfighting. The area I will focus on specifically is the staple of the Marine Corps, Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare. Within the realm of Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department, areas such as Command and Control, Firepower, Force Protection, Land Mine Countermeasures, Human Performance, Intelligence, Logistics and Maneuver are all areas of research. The mission of the Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department as a whole is: To lead the Department of the Navys Science and Technology effort that develops future combat capabilities for Naval Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and the Departments role in Combating Terrorism through the exploitation and subsequent application of Science and Technology in order to enhance the ability of the Navy-Marine Corps team to achieve assured access and conduct decisive operations as the naval portion of a Joint campaign. To lead the Department of the Navys Science and Technology effort that develops future combat capabilities for Naval Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and the Departments role in Combating Terrorism through the exploitation and subsequent application of Science and Technology in order to enhance the ability of the Navy-Marine Corps team to achieve assured access and conduct decisive operations as the naval portion of a Joint campaign. The specific components of the Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department are below. Command and Control, often referred to as C2, is basically the use of authority and direction of a commander over assigned forces to accomplish a mission. In today’s use of many forms of communication the C2 has become C4, Command and Control, Computers and Communication. C4 research is aimed at â€Å"markedly improving on capabilities in over-the-horizon, beyond line-of-sight, and restricted environment communications; mobile networking; tactical decision making; tactical situational awareness; and small unit position location and navigation.† (United States Navy, 2009). Firepower research is meant to â€Å"develop advanced technologies for application on current and future Marine Corp Expeditionary Firepower systems and all other elements of the kill chain. Current efforts focus on enhanced accuracy, tailored lethality, improved mobility, enhanced targeting and lightweight components.† (United States Navy, 2009). Force Protection research is meant to â€Å"develop, demonstrate and transition advanced technologies for future protection of today’s warfighter in the areas of individual Marine platforms, equipment and autonomous systems. Enhance the ability to stop the most common threats, counter and readily adapt to future threats from a global network of violent extremists while minimizing impact on mission accomplishment.† (United States Navy, 2009). Mine Counter Measures (MCM) division â€Å"develops technologies for critical Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Mine Countermeasures needs to make sea and land MCM an integrated, seamless, and fully integral component of Expeditionary Maneuver Warefare. Focus areas include landmine detection, breaching/neutralization of all mine types and enhanced survivability.† (United States Navy, 2009). Human Performance, Training and Survivability (HPTS) division focuses on the ability to â€Å"empower today’s warfighter by closing human performance gaps using training and survivability solutions, thereby creating tomorrow’s superior warrior. HPTS is defined broadly to include all aspects of human performance in the domains of Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance and Survivability, and Training Technology Enhancement.† (United States Navy, 2009). Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance division focuses on â€Å"developing and leveraging advanced technologies for applications in future intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Enhance situational awareness, and tactical decision making.† (United States Navy, 2009). The Logistics division focuses on â€Å"developing and maturing technologies for application to current and future Marine Corps expeditionary systems. Focus is on supporting on the tenets of Seabased Logistics with emerging technologies focusing of improved distribution, reduced combat load in areas of fuel, water and energy and improved maintenance capabilities.† (United States Navy, 2009). Lastly, the Maneuver division focuses on â€Å"developing, demonstrating, and transitioning technologies that will increase the warfighting capabilities and effectiveness of the MAGTF. This Thrust will capture emerging and â€Å"leap ahead† technologies in the areas of mobility, materials, propulsion, survivability and unmanned systems.† (United States Navy, 2009). All these divisions are focused on making the Marine Corps a better and more capable fighting force. I believe that the Marine Corps has every tool needed to conduct research properly and that the research is conducted in a manner which will best suit the needs of the Corps. The Marine Corps puts very capable people in positions to best effect change in needed areas. Every Marine will conduct a debrief of every mission, no matter the size or scope, once the mission is complete. These â€Å"after action† reports are always sent to higher headquarters for review and will eventually make it to the â€Å"Lessons Learned† division. Once the missions and briefs reach this level, a report will be generated and sent out to the Marine Corps as a whole. Every Marine will be informed of the problems and success areas of every mission. The lessons learned are sent directly to the schools that teach a particular skill to improve the abilities and knowledge of the young Marines being trained. Research that is conducted in the warfighting area of the Marine Corps is done very well. One are that I believe needs improvement is the military career development. I believe that many young Marines are not informed of the opportunities that are available, or the steps needed to be successful early in their careers. Young Marines are often focused on learning skills needed for their particular job. This often creates an atmosphere where little time available for professional growth as a careerist. I know and understand that many Marines will only serve a short period on active duty, usually four years, and they are not concerned with what they are doing now and how it may affect their career years down the road. If more training research were conducted to improve the knowledge of young Marines for their future, I believe many Marines would stay in the Marine Corps and be more successful in every aspect of their life. Regardless of the business type, research is required to be successful. Every manager, leader or executive must have good research in order to make informed and sound decisions. The Marine Corps is well aware of the need for research and does a very good job of it in most areas. Throughout this paper, I have discussed many forms of research currently being conducted for the warfighting portion of the Marine Corps now and into the future. References 1. Cooper, D.R., Schindler, P.S. (2006). Business Research Methods (9th ed.). New York: \ McGraw-Hill Irwin. 2. United States Navy. (2009). Office of Naval Research. Retrieved May 16, 2009, from onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/30/ Research Papers on Marine Corps Business ResearchOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Case Study 6-2 Johnson & Johnson's Enterprise Infrastructure

6-2 Johnson & Johnson's Enterprise Infrastructure - Case Study Example This paper also looks at the strengths and weaknesses of this strategy. Johnson & Johnson Company is an American multinational company that has been manufacturing and marketing pharmaceuticals, consumer packaged goods and medical devices since 1886 when it was founded (Makower & Pike, 2009, p. 130). In 1995, this company had a plan to offer its key customer with an efficient customer delivery service system through a single point of contact (Ross, 2003, p. 32). This move involved a lot of changes in the company’s structure in view of the fact that, Johnson & Johnson has been operating as a decentralized corporation with nearly one hundred and fifty operating companies. This paper discusses this move by Johnson & Johnson’s towards providing an information technology infrastructure to support its single point of contact customer strategy. The one-face-to-the-customer strategy was meant to provide the key customers to this company with a single point of contact to this firm’s services and products. This strategy was known as the Johnson & Johnson Health care System that was formed for the purpose of marketing the products of all the existing companies under this umbrella company from a single point of sale (Weill & Broadbent, 1998, p. 19). From this single face, its big customers who consisted of large retail stores in the United States like, Wal-Mart could get access to the variety of products this company sold. This strategy was a response to the changing trends in the market from stand-alone customers like physicians and hospitals, to integrated delivery system where different stakeholder are becoming interconnected with an aim of delivering quality and cost effective health products. In addition this strategy was meant to ease the difficult work that these companies had made to its customers, in view of the fact that the customers had to bear with a large number of contracts with the various operating companies of

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industry's blockbuster-driven Essay

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industry's blockbuster-driven business model, and the effectiveness of GlaxoSmithKline's strate - Essay Example The model is mostly used in entertainment and pharmaceutical industry because they can afford to invest a considerable amount in their projects where the development, costs and risks related to the projects are higher and the returns on these projects tend to be higher too. The companies have to make sure that after the huge investment in the projects for marketing and development of new drugs is made, a considerable amount of control should be exercised on the revenue and profit streams. However, presently the blockbuster model which is proposed for the pharmaceutical industry has helped several companies to develop medicinal drugs that are worth trillions of dollars and has also led to the loss of exclusivity of several drugs. The actual cost of researching on a new drug is worth $1.7 billion and that is valued to be more than 55 percent of the increase in the average commercialization cost, which is expected to take down the investment returns in the past few years (Nisen, 2013). There are high hopes for the blockbuster model which is based on current investment returns, forecast, and successful commercial performance. The blockbuster model is expected to deliver actually 5 percent returns on investment which is significantly much lower than the industry rate risk and adjusted cost of capital (Nisen, 2013). This signifies that only one of six drugs is likely to deliver high returns above cost of capital which is an unattractive proposal for the required investors. The outcome of the establishment of the blockbuster model was as follows: Decreasing Research & Development Productivity- Compared to the thirteen medical products which were successful during the tenure of 1995 to 2000, during the tenure of 2009 to 2011, only eight medicinal drugs were found to be successful (Nisen, 2013). Increasing cost of commercialization: It has been observed that the actual cost of commercialization has been much higher than the expected cost estimated by the analysts. Monit oring Payment: The growing challenges and the rising price pressure on the cost of development have limited the total revenue from the average drug. Shorter Exclusivity Payments: The creation of the FDA approval and the MCO coverage is quite a time consuming process and has led to the loss of exclusivity of several medicinal drugs. This suggests that several medical drugs are under patent protection risk (Nisen, 2013). Enactments: Enactments like, The Affordable Care Act, has made the process of developing drugs extremely difficult because of the stringent rules associated with the act. These strict laws associated with the act have made it difficult for the pharmaceutical companies as the failed medicinal drugs which are developed by these companies are not reimbursed by their insurance firms. In most of the industries, there are several winning strategic business models which are prevalent. Blockbuster model helps in the improvement of the existing systems and processes within the systems and also, lays special emphasis on the utilization of the company investment in a systematic way for the creation of franchises for medical products. The creation of franchise system would help to achieve global sales of more than $ 1 billion (Nisen, 2013). In the past few years, the blockbuster business model could not solve factors that are responsible for the research and development activities, cost of commercialization and shorter exclusivity gaps of medicines. The model has failed to

Strategic Management - Assignment for TNC Case Study

Strategic Management - Assignment for TNC - Case Study Example TNC is a diversified entertainment enterprise functioning in eight industry segments, including; Television; Filmed Entertainment; Direct Broadcast Satellite Television; Cable Network Programming; Magazines and Inserts; Newspapers; Book Publishing, and Other. The News Corporation functions mainly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, Australia, Asia and the Pacific Basin. It is engaged in the operation of broadcast television stations, and the development, production and distribution of network and television programming through its subsidiaries (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008). The Company is involved in the direct broadcast satellite business through its subsidiary, SKY Italia. It also owns interests in BSkyB and DIRECTV, which are engaged in the direct broadcast satellite (DBS) business. It is also involved in the newspaper and magazine publishing business in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and the United States through its various subsidiarie s. Through HarperCollins Publishers (HarperCollins), its wholly owned subsidiary, the Company is engaged in English language book publishing on a worldwide basis. TNC has shown consistent revenue and profit growth in recent years. ... They have a strong library content consisting of film achieves in the 1940s to present. Opportunities In the first instance many of its opportunities arise from the very nature of the competitive environment. Opportunities that are literally available to TNC in the television and print media market are many and varied. Especially its strategically important acquisitions have played a very big role in determining its success. TNC acquired Dow Jones & Company. This has helped place TNC on a firm footing. It allowed the company to expand its online presence and tap into the higher growth rates than many of its core traditional businesses. This will allow TNC to maintain their solid earnings growth without the downside of a pure growth company. TNC has benefited from the emerging markets in Asia, especially that of India and China. The combined population of the two countries equal approximately 2.5 billion. This is the economic reality and TNC has much to gain from its expansion into this region. Alternative media outlets such as the television, cable network programming, direct satellite broadcast and the print media such as magazines and newspapers. Therefore it can reach the market using any of these alternatives before or on par with their competitors. There has been a growth in High Definition Television (HDTV) in recent years and TNC has a sizable percentage in this technology. TNC is looking at new technologies that promise to improve spectrum efficiency or otherwise increase available capacity so that DIRECTV could expand the amount of HDTV content. Options such as the use of Ka-band capacity, higher order modulation schemes, such as the 8PSK technology FOX uses for its broadcast distribution

Economic Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Economic Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Water pollution is ever more becoming a big problem that the human population needs to seriously look at. Water is the most valuable resource that we have and all living things cant go for long without it. 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered with water but apparently only 3% of it is fresh and fit for human consumption. Of that 3%, 75% of it is frozen; leaving a mere 1% of the earths surface water which is available for consumption. Some of the major sources of water pollution include agricultural pollution, organic pollution, toxic waste, runoff and thermal pollution. In modern times, organic pollution has been on an upward trend to the environment and this is heavily because of the growing population the world is witnessing. One will find in a developed city, that there are so many people that the environment sewerage plants and sewerage plants are not able to take in all the waste and at the same time, function in its usual way. The excess waste becomes food for the algae and this increases their growth rate and thus depletes oxygen in the water. In order to combat diseases and combat the extinction of plant and animal life, which play a big part in the economy, water pollution should be put under control. It has been estimated that it is the lead cause of deaths and diseases in the world. To control water pollution steps need to be taken like treatment of domestic sewage, which apparently contains 99.9% of pure water, industrial waste water treatment, done through pollution prevention process, agricultural waste water treatment through point and non point source control system and many other ways. Research question Does water pollution really have an effect on the economy? Significance This proposal aims at looking at the various ways that can be used to prevent water pollution and to establish the ways that are most efficient and economically viable. This will be done by clearly looking at all the methods that can be used to prevent water pollution and their workability. The importance of so doing is to look at the cost effective method than can be used and how well the method works. Literature Review This research proposal aims at looking at the different types of water pollution i.e. point source pollution and the non-point source pollution, the causes i.e. pathogens, chemical and other contaminants, thermal pollution and also to look into details the different methods that are used to reduce or eliminate water pollution i.e. domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, construction site stormwater, urban runoff (Parks, 2007). Previous research During the summer of 1971, at a filtration plant in Chicago south, the filters were blocked with a lot of algae that they hand to be removed by hand. The water tasted and smelled like dead fish and this led to the addition of a lot more chlorine in order for the water to be drinkable. If this can happen to such big lakes like Lake Michigan then all the lakes out there are not safe. To stop this from happening better systems to treat sewage need to be devised. New systems that take raw sewage and turn it into usable water have been developed, however it is only done on a small scale basis. A research done by Pulitzer centre found out that more than 900 million people in the world do not have access to clean water everyday and that 4500 people die each day due to waterborne illness. People spend a lot of time on a daily basis to fetch clean water, taking time away from more economically productive education and work. This is despite the fact that unlike most crises around the world, sa nitation and clean water can be achieved at affordable prices and the reward of the venture is impressive. METHODOLOGY There are two types of water sources, ground water and surface water and they both have different pollutants. Some of the sources of surface water pollution include: Point source pollution- This refers to a single recognizable source of water pollution and the contaminants enter the channel through passages such as a ditch or a pipe. This can be done through discharges from a factory, stormwater or a sewage line. From the book written by S.K. Agarwal, he says that much of the pollution in our rivers is caused by human activities which are not controlled causing accelerated flow of soil minerals from the land to the rivers. He says that point source water pollution can be prevented by ensuring that the water coming from factories and sewerage systems is well treated before being released into rivers and other water bodies. Non-point source pollution-This refers to pollution that does not originate from one discrete source. It is mostly summative contamination effect of little amounts of contaminants which gather from a large area. An example is the runoff of nutrient in storm water or storm water that is washed off from roads, parking areas or highways. Some of these discharges may contain harmful pollutants that may mix with clean water and make it harmful to plants and living organisms. This can be prevented by channeling the run off to other places where it can be treated before being released to water bodies. Ground water pollution-This is not easily categorized as surface water pollution. Groundwater aquifers are at risk of contamination from sources that may not openly affect surface water bodies Causes of water pollution The precise contaminants that lead to pollution in water include a wide range of chemicals, pathogens, and tangible or sensory changes such as increased temperature and discoloration. Even though most of the substances and chemicals that are found may be naturally occurring (sodium, calcium, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often determines what is a normal composition of water, and also what is a contaminant. Substances that deplete oxygen may be natural materials, such as plant matter like leaves and grass, as well as artificial matter like chemicals. Other natural substances may cause turbidity which occurs as cloudiness blocking light and disrupting plant growth, and clogging the gills of some fish genus. Many of the chemical matter are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne ailment in either humans or animals. Modification of waters physical chemistry includes change in pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and eutrophication. This is an increase in the intensity of chemical nutrients in an ecological unit to a level that increases in the primary productivity of the ecological unit. Depending on the quantity of eutrophication, subsequent destructive environmental effects such as oxygen depletion and rigorous reductions in water quality may occur, distressing fish and other animal populations (Parks, 2007). BIOLOGICAL IMPURITIES: Virus, Bacteria, and Parasites Ages ago, waterborne diseases caused a lot of deaths. Even today in underdeveloped nation, an anticipated 25,000 people will pass away daily from waterborne diseases. Consequences of waterborne microbes can be instant and overwhelming. Therefore, microbes are the most significant consideration in making water up to standard for human consumption. Generally speaking, current municipal supplies are rather free from unsafe organisms because of regular disinfection with chlorine and recurrent sampling. This does not imply that municipal water is free of all bacteria. People with personal wells and undersized rural water systems have a greater reason to be alarmed about the possibility of microorganism contagion from animal waste, septic containers, and many other problems. In California, there is a little district, where 4,000,000 gallons of urine is taken up by the ground daily from dairy cows! Powers that be claim that nearly 4000 cases of waterborne illnesses are accounted every year in the U.S. They also approximate that much of the temporary ills and day by day gastrointestinal malady that go usually unreported can be accredited to organisms located in our water supplies. INORGANIC IMPURITIES: Total Dissolved Solids These substances include dissolved rock particles and other compounds from the ground. The existence and quantity of total dissolved particles in water characterizes a point of controversy among those who endorse water treatment products. The consequences of higher levels of Total Dissolved Solids in water include: High TDS water is always less thirst quenching. High TDS results in undesirable flavor which could be bitter, salty or metallic. High TDS hinders the flavor of foods and drinks, resulting to them not being pleasing to consume. Some of the entity mineral salts that build up TDS can cause an assortment of health hazards. The most problematic are Sodium, some Nitrates, Sulfates, Copper, and also Barium. Dirt and Sediment or Turbidity Most waters have some suspended elements which may be made up of clay, fine and sometimes rough sand, different grades of soil, and precipitated salts in general. Turbidity is nasty to see, and it can also be a source of food and place to stay for microorganisms, and can get in the way of effective disinfection. Radioactivity As much as trace amounts of radioactive elements can be obtained in almost all drinking water, intensities that pose serious health hazards are reasonably rare. Radioactive wastes percolate from mining processes into groundwater supply. The maximum threat is posed by nuclear processing plants, nuclear mishaps, and radioactive waste discarding sites. As containers having these wastes weaken with time, the risk of contaminating our aquifers grows by the day. ORGANIC IMPURITIES: Herbicides and Pesticides The growing use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture can be seen in our drinking water. Irrigation and Rain bring these fatal chemicals down into the groundwater and also into surface waters. There are approximately 100,000,000 inhabitants in the US who depend on groundwater for supply entire or part of their drinking water. The way our dependence upon groundwater is increasing, so is its contagion. Our own domestic use of herbicide and pesticide substances also adds to real contamination. These same chemicals can bring about respiratory, circulatory and nerve disorders (Parks, 2007). Tastes and Odors If the water you use has a disagreeable taste or odor, there is a chance that it is due to one or even more of numerous unrefined substances ranging from rotting vegetation to algae; phenols to hydrocarbons. It can also be TDS or a host of other items. Effects of water pollution Water borne diseases Human communicable diseases are some of the gravest effects of water contamination, particularly in growing countries, where hygiene may be insufficient or non-existent. Waterborne diseases come about when parasites or other disease-causing microbes are transmitted through contaminated water, particularly water tainted by pathogens starting off from excreta. These may include intestinal vermin, typhoid, and even most of the enteric and diarrhea diseases that are caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Some of the gravest parasitic diseases are ascariasis, amoebiasis, and even hookworm (Parks, 2007). Even developed countries are not resistant to the crisis of infectious waterborne diseases. In the year 1993, there was a high cryptosporidium level in Milwaukees drinking water delivery that sickened more than 400,000 people. It was an extreme case, but diffusion of infection agents such as bacteria and cysts through contaminated but poorly treated public water is even more regular than it should be. Each year, approximately seven million Americans are made sick by tainted water. This is just partly because of drinking water-pollution of recreational water, like the beach water and swimming pools, is also a predicament. Nutrient pollution The emancipations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients that come from waste disposal, agriculture, coastal expansion, and fossil fuel application. Once the nutrient contamination reaches the coastal zone, it encourages harmful overgrowths of algae, which can have straight toxic effects and in the end result in low-oxygen conditions. There are certain types of algae which are poisonous. Overgrowing of these algae may result in risky algal flourish, which are frequently referred to as red tides .Zooplankton eat the poisonous algae and start passing the toxins up the food series and affect edibles like clams, and eventually working their way up to seabirds, aquatic mammals, and humans. The result can be sickness and sometimes death (Agarwal, 2005). Urbanized countries have started checking for toxic algal blooms, shutting fisheries as necessary. This has been able to reduce the frequency of related human illness but has also had the obvious economic charge of lost income for fishers and other related businesses-and it does nothing to solve the trouble for the oceanic life stuck in the center of the red tide. Lastly, nutrient pollution can set off unusual outbreaks of fish diseases. For instance, experts have found out that Pfiesteria, a tiny aquatic pathogen, can prosper in nutrient-polluted waters. In the year 1991, it is estimated that at least a million menhaden fish in North Carolina, were swiped out in a Pfiesteria epidemic. Again in 1997, numerous tidal creeks in the Chesapeake Bay watershed got a Pfiesteria epidemic, and grave fish kills occurred creating a huge dent in the economy. Nutrient pollution is believed to have played a role in the two cases. Chemical pollution. In the years, several types of chemicals have gotten into our watercourse -and still continue to do so to date. Chemical pollution of water usually occurs because the chemicals were discarded into the water deliberately; the chemicals oozed into streams, groundwater, or rivers because of weakening pipes or storage containers; the chemicals disastrously tainted waterways because of industrial accidents; The pollution developed out of polluted air or was brought on out of polluted air. Chemicals were leached out of polluted earth. The kinds of chemical contamination above are regarded as point sources of pollution of water. On the other hand Non-point-source chemical contamination also happens through pesticide runoff from farm lands and homeowners lawns, as well as overflow of vehicle fluids and other different chemicals from parking bays, tarmac roads, driveways, and many other surfaces (Burk, 2005). In regard to general human wellbeing effects, pesticides can Distress and injure the nervous system; Cause injury to the liver; Damage DNA and be the root of a assortment of cancers; Cause reproductive damage; Cause additional severe toxic effects. Petroleum and Oil Chemicals As oil contamination gets into water, some of the compositions are tarnished and detached by photochemical processes, evaporation, and even bacterial degradation, while others can be more challenging and may persist on for many years, especially in low waters with muddy sediments. Experts know that oil or the chemical components of it can seep into marshland and sub-tidal sediments and stay there for decades, harmfully affecting marine worms, marsh grasses, and other marine life that live around or in the sediment. Conclusion The tap water quality is synchronized, and almost 100% of communal water systems in the United States are meeting the set clean drinking water standards. But this is not good enough because many people are still persuaded its worth buying water that is bottled. Even when the Environmental Working Group did tests on tap water from a number of urban areas, it found around 119 allegedly normal chemicals-some of which the EPA has put health-based restrictions-and another 141 totally unfettered chemicals. If tap water has those many chemicals in it but can still be classified as meeting water quality values, one might say that the standards not up to date. In all regards, it is fair to say that tap water usually has a some what strong chlorine taste. Chlorine and its disinfecting byproducts are known to be health threats, and no one wants to be the casualty of the next cryptosporidium-in-drinking-water crisis or some similar horror (Tripathi Pandey, 2009). Therefore it is no wonder that many of us go to the extra expenditure and trouble of buying bottled water or filtering tap water, even if there are no set of laws that guarantee those approaches will be able to offer water which is safer. People should not agree to this situation passively. It is costing us a lot of money. The income for bottled water is approximately $12 billion in a year-in the United States alone. And on top of that, you can add the money for filters for the kitchen-sink water. Put in the additional fuel use associated with built-up, packing, and transportation of these goods, and we find that the cost of avoiding tap water that is polluted is rather soaring. We had not even counted the health costs connected to waterborne ailments and other health complication because of water pollution. What if we as a people were to spend just half of this money as an alternative to addressing the basis of water pollution? It could go a extensive way toward putting in place old water treatment plants; funding the restoration wetlands and efforts of monitoring watershed; and tightening the enforcement laws that govern clean water.

Great Expectations: Gods Law Vs. Human Law Essay -- Great Expectations

Great Expectations: God's Law vs. Human Law In his book Great Expectations, the problematic nature of moral judgement and justice that stems from a conflict between God's law and human law is one of several topical themes that Charles Dickens addresses. This paradox regularly surfaces in his treatment of plot and setting, and is more subtlety illustrated in his use of character. To facilitate the reader's awareness of such a conflict, the narrator often uses language that has Christian connotations when relating his thoughts and when giving descriptions of the environment, characters and events that take place. While these things allude to divine and moral law, the story itself revolves around crime and criminals, thereby bringing issues of human law into focus. The climate for this theme is established from the very beginning of the novel. Pip's act of Christian charity towards the convict can also be considered a serious crime. The story opens in a churchyard where the grave, symbolic of eternal judgement can be contrasted with the nearby gallows, symbolizing human punishment. Set on the eve in which we commemorate the birth of Christianity, an institution based on charity and love, Pip feels guilty for bringing food to a starving fellow human. Pip must steal food from his own family to help Magwitch, thereby transforming mercy and compassion into crimes. As Pip is running home, he looks back at the convict and sees him limping towards the gallows "...as if he were the pirate come to life, and come down, and going back up again" (27). This imagery conveys a complicated perception of guilt as something conscious of its own moral accountability, frightening and self-destructive. When Magwitch is caught, he gives a false confession to stealing the food from the Gargery's to protect Pip. Joe replies that he wouldn't want him to starve and that he was welcome to it. Pip highlights the conflict between divine and human law by comparing the Hulk that his convict is returned to as "a wicked Noah's ark" (56). Thus in these first few chapters, the ideals of justice, mercy, law, and punishment are intermingled and confused. This confusion is furthered by Mrs. Joe, who actually transforms charity into punishment. Her beatings, bullying and lectures of how she brought Pip up "by hand" at great personal sacrifice are a constant reminder ... ...er. In one short episode, Pip has described himself as a penitent, a prisoner, and a confessed wrongdoer. The conflict between Pip's own instincts regarding morality and conventional perceptions of justice and punishment is manifested as the guilt he is burdened with throughout his childhood and young adult life. Pip accumulates these feelings and attempts to suppress them throughout most of the story. At one point the narrator takes a moment to reflect on his guilty conscience: As I had grown accustomed to my expectations, I had insensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself and those around me. Their influence on my own character, I disguised from my recognition as much as possible, but I knew very well that it was not all good. I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. (256) He goes into great debt in his attempts to distract himself from this guilt, and drags his dear friend Herbert along with him (which he also expresses guilt about). His vain attempt to make reparations with his conscience by sending "a penitential codfish and a barrel of oysters

Payroll System Essay

A.)Introduction: Business are arising in all the sides of the globe. Man power are very much well present in every business there is. This project allows the speed up the process of calculating payrolls with the capability of generating reports. B.) Problem definition In today’s world. The bigger the company, the higher the possibility that the calculations of salaries to employees would be a great disaster to the company itself. The system has the capability of doing calculation with major vast of people which is hard to monitor. It speeds up the calculation of payrolls for the employees, insuring that the payment are both accurate and precise. One of the major problem that the system could not do is to render the specific time for every transaction of employees in each company. C.) Objectives of the study The main goal is to give the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee and to minimize their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and cash advances. D.) Terms of references of the study By giving this fee services. The company has to give us full access to the system that the company uses or the data’s concerning the employees and their backgrounds. In return, the system that we’ll provide would be free of charge. This is for research purposes. E.)Expected Benefit Payroll System is the heart of any human resource system of an organization. The solution has to take care of the calculation of salary as per rules of the company. In this study we used to developed computer based payroll system to improve a faster, easier and reliable of way of payroll. It helps the staff of the company for easy filing and conducting their finance share in every employee, clerk and maintenance of their company. Payroll system can be used to speed up the process of calculating pay, ensuring that payments are both accurate and precise. They save you the burden of learning and understanding complex payroll legislation. Trouble free payroll processing is a critical need of any business. Payroll software completes payroll calculations within a fraction of the time it would take to do them manually. Another huge advantage of running payroll software over a manual process is in the reporting, most systems allow, weekly, month and annually required reports to be run at the press of a button. It possible with a lot of payroll software to integrate with your time sheet systems that record employee attendance or time worked. It a simple way for information about employee hours worked to be transferred into the payroll system removing yet another layer of manual processing. System Proposal Payroll system is used to maintain a list of employee’s names, addresses and employment information and used to interactively calculate and print payroll check. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. Employee’s hours are entered and distributed to appropriate department. Annualized tax tables are then used to automatically compute deductions before the check is printed on bank stock. Monthly and quarterly reports are used to prepare tax filings, and provide analytical information. It help the owner to correct the flaws in terms of computing the employee’s salary by computing it right after the day. First the system will ask the employee to enter your employees no. and password. If your name and password does not match the employees that is stored to the database the system will display a message box, but if the employees and password match the database a message box will appear telling â€Å" Welcome!†. Secondly, this system can add employee. View and compute their salary and produce their pay slip. Can view the personal information about the employees. FEASIBILITY STUDY An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Payroll cannot be processed without payroll system because with the use of this system, it can minimize the work of an employer. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, then comply with other regulations. It can make the employer to be easily get the information of all the employee and so that the calculation of the salary of each employee will be computed right. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. And for the admin staff to lessen their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and Feasibility Study An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Consequently, payroll cannot be processed without a payroll system. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, plus comply with other statutory regulations.

feudilism essays

feudilism essays The term feudalism is derived from the Latin feodum, for fief, and ultimately from a Germanic word meaning cow, generalized to denote valuable movable property. Feudalism began around 450 AD after German invaders had conquered Rome. Its origins were between the Rhine and Loire rivers, but it soon spread from France to Spain, Italy, and later Germany and Eastern Europe. It reached its maturity around the 11th century and proceeded to grow into the 13th century. Feudalism continued in all parts of Europe until the end of the 14th cent. Feudalism origined out of the failure of the centralized government in the 9th century, which made Europeans insecure. Feudalism is a system of human relationships i.e. mutually beneficial personal agreements between people for the purpose of protection and justice. Agreements consisted of private contracts wherein one person accepted the position of being a dependant of another and this agreement was guaranteed by grants of land called fief. In an ideal feudal society the ownership of all land was vested in the king. Beneath him was a hierarchy of nobles, the most important nobles holding land directly from the king, and the lesser from them, down to the seigneur who held a single manor. The political economy of the system was local and agricultural, and at its base was the manorial system. Under the manorial system the peasants, laborers, or serfs, held the land they worked from the seigneur, who granted them use of the land and his protection in return for personal services and for dues. In some cases the king would also grant immunities to those he would grant land wherein that lord would be able to exercise his own government on his land. There was a formal procedure to connote the creation of a contract called the investiture ceremony. It took place between a lord and a vassal, wherein the lord bestowed land on to the vassal and the vassal took an oath of fealty. The oa...

Nelson Surname Meaning and Family History

Nelson Surname Meaning and Family History Nelson is a patronymic surname meaning son of Nell, a form of the Irish name Neal, from the Gaelic Niall, which is thought to mean  champion. In some situations the surname could also be matronymic, meaning son of Eleanor, a female given name with the same origins as Neal. Nelson could also be an Anglicized spelling of similar sounding  Scandinavian surnames such as Nilsen, Nielsen, and Nilsson. Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  NEILSON, NEALSON, NILSON, NILSEN, NILSSON, NIELSEN Famous People with the Surname Nelson Willie Nelson - American country music artist and songwriterHoratio Nelson - great English naval leader during the Napoleonic WarsJohn Allen Nelson - American actor Where the Nelson  Surname Is Most Commonly Found Today, the Nelson surname is most common in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears, ranked as the 34th most common surname in the country. WorldNames PublicProfiler profiles Nelson as most popular in the northern midwest and northwestern states- especially Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana- possibly due to large numbers of Scandinavian immigrants to those areas. Nelson is also a fairly common last name in a number of African countries, according to Forebears, including Uganda and Mozambique, and in the Caribbean. Based on 1901 census data, Nelson was not very common in Ireland, with the exception of the Northern Ireland county of Antrim, followed by Down, Londonderry, and Tyrone. Irish surname mapping tools from John Grenham indicate that the Nelson surname is especially common in Northern Ireland, particularly in the counties of Down and Antrim. This was true in the mid-nineteenth century based on Griffiths Valuation (1847–1864), as well as into the twentieth century based on a mapping of Nelson births between 1864 and 1913. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Nelson 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Nelson DNA Project: Join up with other Nelson descendants who are using DNA to help sort out their various family lines.Nelson  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Nelson  family crest or coat of arms for the Nelson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Nelson Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Nelson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Nelson query.FamilySearch - NELSON  Genealogy: Explore over 11  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Nelson  surnam e, as well as online Nelson family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. NELSON Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Nelson surname.DistantCousin.com - NELSON Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Nelson.GeneaNet - Nelson  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Nelson  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Nelson  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Nelson  from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997

Patient Education in Diabetes Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patient Education in Diabetes Care - Term Paper Example As previously mentioned, type II diabetes is on the rise in industrialized countries and therefore its management poses a significant problem to clinicians. As the disorder can be self-managed in a majority of cases, it can be useful to educate patients about the best way to approach their own health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). However, many patients may lack the knowledge or the expertise to really understand their disease and their health, meaning that many nurses feel that education could really be beneficial to diabetes patients managing their own care. The purpose of this study was to give sessions to eight diabetes patients who were willing to participate in diabetes in the hope that this would make them feel more in control of their outcomes and overall health. The research study gathered eight patients with informed consent for three group sessions about various topics concerning diabetes and health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). These were held monthly. The first and the last session were slightly longer as these had pre- and post-intervention tests to measure the patient’s knowledge about diabetes to see if the intervention was useful to them (Esden & Nichols, 2013). Additionally, several health measurements were taken (height, weight, blood pressure). The three assessment measures used were the Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test, the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, and the Diabetes Care Profile (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This type of method is good because it covers how the patients improved in their knowledge of diabetes over the time period, and the three scales used are clinically approved and recognized in the community. Results were analyzed using SPSS, another recognized tool, adding support to the results. Overall, all the participants showed a significant improvement on all three scales (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This suggests that these sessions could be useful in improving the knowledge of those with diabetes, which previous studies have shown to improve outcomes. This means that this type of session could have a huge impact on nursing practice if instated correctly.     

IT - Operation Aurora Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Operation Aurora - Research Paper Example This cyber security and the increasing cyber crime had been the greatest concern for the present as well as for the future generation. A study made in the year 2003 in the United States of America revealed that 31 percent of the respondents considered this cyber security as the second most concern after the misappropriation of the individual assets. Moreover over 15 percent among the respondents have experienced the threat of cyber security in the last two years facing a loss which most of them could not quantify in actual. However on an average measurement of the total financial cost for the last two years incurred in cyber crime valued to be about 812,318, US dollars (Smith, Grabosky, & Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Thus the paper focus on cyber security with the main focuses on Operation Aurora. Type of breach Viruses in the computer system, defacement or the alteration of the websites along with system crashes and redirection or even misappropriation of the resources of the system are som e of the breaches generally reported in regards to the cyber security (Smith, Grabosky, an Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Morgan Stanley underwent a "sensitive breach" where hackers attempted to enter its complex for six months, starting from June 2009 (Rashid, 2011). Circumstances of the occurrence of breach Operation Aurora is a large scale hacking that victimized even Google and Morgan Stanley along with about 200 other companies with most of their identities not yet revealed. They had made the breach occurring in Google public in the month of January 2010. However they kept the hacking of the company of DuPont secret. Fear of the affect on the investors of the company in revealing the hacking or the breach was the reason behind the secrecy maintained by the company to the public. The seriousness of the issue of this cyber hacking forced the white house in engaging a senate task force for reporting and investigating in the security issues of this cyber world. The recent trend of the online attacks in targeting the renowned international companies reveals the cyber insecurity of the corporate world. In order to prevent the dangerous trend from persisting and even increasing the companies have to undertake own initiative in ensuring steps for the security of their own data served online. According to the Whitehouse, theft and piracy are engaging in the transfer of wealth that is the biggest in the planet history and the victim companies stands on the ultimate losing end. Another incident of an attack launched in the year 2009 that had the Chinese base had targeted the energy companies. The security firm of McAfee reported the attack named as â€Å"Night Dragon†. However the identity of the targeted company was not disclosed by the report published by McAfee. But the emails of the company of HBGary Federal had with it the lists of the name of the targeted companies. According to the lists the companies were Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, General Electric, Marath on oil along with ConocoPhillips and BP. (Liebowitz, 2011) Operation Aurora even imposes a break in the network security of the bank, Morgan Stanley. A company of cyber security working with the corporate bank had their very sensitive email stolen which indicates the experience of the hacking of the ‘China based hackers’