Prisons And Its Effect On Society - 1847 Words

Introduction Prisons are dependably a subject numerous individuals keep away from what it may look on the outside; prisons are usually seen as startling and dim from their physical attributes. Although for those who have committed a crime and are being held captive for their criminal offences, their lives are forever changing. The main goal of any federal prison is to ensure safety of the public, remove the menaces ones out of society, and to protect society. Prisoners have been changing their perspective on life, while living in a large imposed building with high brick walls and barb wire topped off with sharp razors. The main existence of prisons is to keep the menaces out of society. Uncompromising regulations and stern schedules are in placed to structure a prisoners life and change them. But some rules in placed in the past were seen as inhumane and wrong. Consistently, law implementations and powers have changed the purpose of prison. The purpose of prisons was to have the wrongdoers conc eded discipline for the crimes they have committed. Numerous detainees amid the 18th century were traumatized as a result of corporal punishment and the consideration of execution; the consequences of recuperation were exceedingly unsuccessful. In the long run, it was understood that detainees were not being rehabilitated. Erving Goffman, a Canadian sociologist and writer, spent most of his life studying the lives of inmates and mental patients within an American institution.Show MoreRelatedPrisons And Its Effects On Society1681 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Prisons are vital in multiple ways because they contain some of the country’s most dangerous criminals. While prison put people at ease knowing that offenders are serving time for their crime. It also runs the risk of making an offender who is non-violent prior to incarceration extremely violent once their time has been served. In society not everyone can be the model citizen that we wish everyone was however there are individuals who commit heinous crimes and for that they must pay forRead MoreEssay about America’s Prisons and Their Effects On Society1529 Words   |  7 Pagesto deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes. Imprisonment has historically been the popular solution. However, there are many instances in which people are sent to prison that would be better served for community service, rehab, or some other form of punishment. Prison affects more than just the prisoner; the families, friends, employers, and communities of the incarcerated also pay a price. Prison as a punishment has its pros and cons; although itRead MoreEssay on Cost of Incarceration1308 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone in prison. Incarceration serves as a punishment for criminals due to their actions against the law. It is a solution for keeping the public safe. Prisoners fo llow a strict rules and schedules while following the culture within the walls among other prisoners. As a result of their crimes, convicts lose their freedom and are place among others who suffer the same fate. Crime is the cause of this establishment, but what are the effects of incarceration on convicts, their relations, and society? AsRead MorePrison And The Prison System Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscouragement for humans is through the prison system. Because of this, these humans or inmates, are sentenced to spend a significant part of their life in a confined, small room. With that being said, the prison life can leave a remarkable toll on the inmates life in many different categories. The first and arguably most important comes in the form of mental health. Living in prison with have a great impact on the psychological part of your life. For example, The prison life is a very much different wayRead MoreThe United States Prison System996 Words   |  4 PagesUnited S tates prison population has quadrupled to 2.4 million inmates; with nearly half of the inmates in federal prison serving time for drug offenses. The majority of America’s general population has been hoodwinked into believing that the prison system helps prevent crime, but the side effects of mass incarceration is like spilling gasoline on a burning car. The side effects of fabricating additional prison complexes for the sole purpose of preventing crime will continue to deem societies ignoranceRead MorePrison Reform : Effective And Reliable Correctional System1352 Words   |  6 PagesPrison reforms are necessary to better the conditions for prisoners to enable the creation of an efficient and reliable correctional system. In reforming the prison system, it is essential for alternatives to incarceration to be explored (UNODC). There has been a sizeable escalation in the number of individuals serving prison sentences in American prisons. In fact, America has the world’s highest number of incarceration cases with over 2.2 million Americans in prison. The increased number of inmatesRead MoreReduced Time from Prison1440 Words   |  6 PagesTime from Prison Prisons are correctional facilities where offenders are incarcerated as punishment and deterrent from engaging in other criminal activities. It serves justice for victims of criminal offenses and provides a chance for the offender to reflect, and with prison time; they will become better citizens of society. This however, may not always be the case. If an inmate exhibits understanding of good behavior and structure, a prisoner may not serve his or her full sentence in prison. They mayRead MoreThe Reasons For Why Recidivism Occurs1441 Words   |  6 PagesIn most places around the world there are prisons set up where people go after committing a crime. Now the point of prisons is to reform a person so when they come out of prison they will be a productive member of society and not the criminal they once were. This does not occur most of the time. In fact, the exact opposite has occurred so much that there is a term for it now. That term is recidivism, which is when a person goes back to a life of crime after some sort of reform. There are many reasonsRead MoreProblematic California Prison System Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia has one of the most dysfunctional and problematic prison system in US. Over the last 30 years, California prison increased eightfolds (201). California Department of Correctional and Rehabilitation (CDCR) does little to reform prisoners and serve as human warehouse rather than a correction institution. Californias prison system fails the people it imprisons and society it tries to protect. In many cases, Californias prison system exacerbates the pre-existing problems and aids in theRead MoreDo We Really Need Prisons1599 Words   |  7 PagesDO WE REALLY NEED PRISONS The simple meaning prison is a place for the confinement of persons in law detention, espicially people who are convicted of crimes according to The American Heritage of the English Language (2000). The history of prison almost as old as history itself. At first, prison were not used as a punishment but as a place where people who were sentenced to capital or corporal punishment were kept for a short period of time. But as the time passed, it turned into a legal punishment

Transformation Of Urban Life During The Gilded Age And The...

Topic 3: The Transformation of Urban Life in the Gilded Age and the Development of Suburbs for the American Middle Classes This historical study will define the increased economy prosperity of the Gilded Age and the development of suburban planning in the American middle classes. During the late 19th century, the massive growth of the American economy was dominantly formed in urban industrial centers, yet the wealth generated from the upper and middle classes allowed them to move out into rural areas near major cities. More so, the development of public transportation, such a trolleys and trains, helped the middle classes to plan suburban housing to escape the overpopulation and poverty of urban areas. Economic growth inspired the idea of the â€Å"suburbs† as a convenient residential area for the middle classes that sought greater individualism, which separated them from the masses of working-class urbanites. The expansion of American suburbs defines the growth of the administrative/managerial classes that was able to utilize public transportation to shift urban residential quarters to semi-rura l neighborhoods at the fringes of American cities. Also, the issue of urban pollution was major incentive for the middle classes to seek out semi-rural residencies to escape the city. In essence, a historical analysis of the increased economic prosperity of the Gilded Age and the development of suburbs for the American middle classes will be defined in this study. At the end of theShow MoreRelatedFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 PagesPantheon Books, 1-38. Reprinted with the permission of the author. 1On or about December 1910, Virginia Woolf once said, human character changed. This hyperbole contains a kernel of truth. Around the turn of the century a fundamental cultural transformation occurred within the educated strata of Western capitalist nations. In the United States as elsewhere, the bourgeois ethos had enjoined perpetual work, compulsive saving, civic responsibility, and a rigid morality of selfdenial. By the early twentiethRead MoreEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 Pagesindustrialize during the late nineteenth century? 2. What were the causes and consequences of urbanization? 3. How did political change and progressive reform gain momentum after 1900? 4. How did the United States emerge as a world power by 1918? 5. What tensions between the old and new existed in the 1920s? The 1920 Census revealed that a majority of Americans (51 percent) lived in urban areas for the first time. Part 5 covers the accelerating trends that led up to this important shift in American life from

Evaluation Report for Lemon and Camerota - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How could the interview participants have managed themselves and the interview more effectively? Answer: To know how each and every participant would have done better, it is important to first know the roles and the powers of each and every participant. The ball was more on the side of Lemon and Camerota. The reason for stating so is because they were the ones asking the questions and controlling the whole event(Ghaffar, 2009). With that in mind, it is evident that they would have more control of the interview as compared to Aslan. Aslan was just a person who was in place to contribute to a topic that was already in place. Therefore, his part was like only adding spices to a mean that the menu and ingredients were already provided. The way that each and every person conducted him or herself in the interview has so much to do with what he or she would have done better. Camerota Between Lemon and Camerota, Camerota was the one who contributed much and took more time in the whole interview from the journalists side(Jasperse, 2012). Such is seen where she initiates arguments and goes ahead to a battle with Aslan so as to prove her point. There are different ways that she would have managed the interview more effectively as well as herself. First, a journalist is the voice of the society. Society is diverse, and therefore, it needs a person who stands in the middle and makes all side feel represented and respect. It is evident that Camerota took a side in the whole conversation(Johansen, 2012). The work of the journalists is to make news and to gather information without biases. When a journalist takes a side, it becomes his or her interest and not the interest of the viewers. Why state so? The viewers of the interview might have been Islamic and maybe Christians(Karakus, 2012). It is the responsibility of a journalist not to make a specific population feel like the journalist is against it. Therefore, to manage herself more effectively, Camerota ought not to have taken any position in the debate; her work was to get information from Aslan(Lamarque, 2009). Second, Camerota failed to give Aslan a chance to explain his points at times. By watching the interview, one would realize that sometimes Camerota would cut off Aslan because she wanted to pass a specific point. When one does not give a partner a humble time to prove his or her point, the conversation might turn chaotic. Such was almost the case in some instances; Camerota would stop Aslan from explaining his point. Camerota ought to know that she was at the center of the conversation. Such means that the work was to make sure that allegations that had been made by Maher are proved to be factual or mere personal opinions(Tekleab, 2009). Therefore, the case only called for the contribution of the professional invited and in this case, it is was Aslan. Like Lemon, Camerota was supposed to contain herself and try not to initiate arguments with Aslan. Third, as far as the effective management of the interview is concerned, Camerota failed to stick to her purpose. The best way to bring out the point is by comparing her with her partner(Tsai, 2009). When Lemon started talking, he was calm and straight to point. That is a strategy in journalism that helps the source to provide as much information as possible. In the whole interview, if Camerota were not in the newsroom, one would have confused her for a professional who was brought on board to contribute to the whole debate (Khamilov A.B, 2014). Lemon Lemon is one of the participants who conducted themselves well in the interview. However, there are ways in which he would have managed the interview in a more effective way. Seeing that Lemon was the person who initiated the conversation and introduced the topic, it is more likely that he had the power to control the whole interview (Paula, P,2010). As far as his character is concerned, he did not go past the purpose. However, his partner ought to have been controlled. How would Lemon do so? Lemon would have made sure that not too much is spent by Camerota. The reason for stating so is because Camerota became more of a participant in the conversation than a journalist. Lemon would also have made sure that there were two different people opposing and proposing the topic of discussion. It was not fair to bring one person who only refuted the claims that Islam does not support peace. Though there were remarks from Maher, at the time of discussion, they were not well represented. If the re were an availability of a person who supported the claims of Maher or Maher, the discussion or interview would be effective because it would be representing views from both sides. Aslan Aslan demonstrated that he stands by what he believes in. There are different areas that would have made the interview and the contribution of Aslan more effective. One, at some point, there were arguments between Aslan and Camerota on the issue of discussion. It would have been easy for Aslan to avoid that. First, he would have avoided that by making sure that he gives the journalists an enough time to ask questions. When two people talk at the same time in an interview, it becomes more of just a mere argument than a constructive discussion. There are points when Aslan and Camerota talk at the same time. The worst about it is that they both believed that they were right and that even led to them raising their voices to one another. Aslan, as an active member of the discussion, had a chance to change the scenario(Awad, 2010). Letting Camerota complete what she was talking about would make the interview orderly and smooth. Two, Aslan trashed almost everything that was said by Maher and Camerota. Such was one of the reasons why his conversation with Camerota was extensive and full of argument(Akinwale A, 2010). In any given discussion or argument, it is imperative to accommodate the views of others even when they are against what you believe in. Aslan acted like a person who was righteous and treated others and people who did not know what they were talking about. As a result, the interview turned chaotic at some point. It is difficult to convince a person who believes what he or she knows is the only right thing. For the sake of the whole interview, it would be important if Aslan would accommodate the views of others that were based on facts(Brusko, 2010). For example, some of the issues brought forward ailing the Islamic nations might be problems experienced in some of the African nations. However, that does not justify why they are being carried out in the Islamic nations. Aslan was quick to trash the claims just because he believed in something different from the people in the interview. The third way was to eliminate biases. It is evident that most of the information that Aslan provided was crowded with biases(Ellis G, 2010). The reason for stating so is because he did not want to pay attention to any information that stated otherwise. By so doing, the interview looked like it was more on one side than the other; diverse views were not accommodated. References Akinwale A, A., 2010. Integrating the traditional and the modern conflict management strategies. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 3(10). Awad, G.H., 2010. The impact of acculturation and religious identification on perceived discrimination for Arab/Middle Eastern Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 1(16), p.59. Brusko, L., 2010. Organized Chaos: A Survey of Conflict Management Strategies, Gender Roles, and Status in an Organizational Setting. UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research, XIII. Ellis G, M.S.M.a.P.B.C., 2010. How democracies keep the peace; Contextual factors that influence conflict management strategies. Foreign Policy Analysis, 4(6), pp.373-98. Ghaffar, A., 2009. conflict in schools;its causes management strategies. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 3(2). Jasperse, M..W.C.a.J.P.E., 2012. Identity, perceived religious discrimination and psychological well-being in Muslim immigrant women. Applied Psychology, 2(61), pp.250-71. Johansen, M.L., 2012. Keeping the peace; Conflict management strategies for nurse managers. Nursing Management, 2(43), pp.50-54. Karakus, M..S.C., 2012. The Effects of Parental Involvement, Trust in Parents, Trust in Students and Pupil Control Ideology on Conflict Management Strategies of Early Childhood. Educational Practices; Theory and Practice, 4(12), pp.2977-85. Khamilov A.B, S.D.V., 2014. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. 1st ed. Lamarque, F.A.J.F.L.O.-O.Y.B.L., 2009. Human-wildlife conflict in Africa; causes, consequences, and management strategies. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (157). Paula, P, 2010. Organizational communication and conflict management systems. Nordicom review, 1(31), pp.125-41. Tekleab, A.G..N.R.a.T.P.E., 2009. A longitudinal study of team conflict, conflict management, cohesion, and team effectiveness. Group and Organization Management, 2(34), pp.170-205. Tsai, j.s.a.C.J.S., 2009. Influences of Chinese cultural orientations and conflict management styles on construction dispute resolving strategies. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 10(135), pp.955-64.

Business Ethics Codes And Standards Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics Codes And Standards. Answer: Introduction In the daily life of each and every individual, they come across different ethical issues, where there is a need to make a decision regarding two alternative choices in which there is a need to make the right decision, particularly when making the wrong decision seems to be an easier and a profitable decision. Through ethics, which present the codes and standards, the decisions and behaviour of people is governed, based on the morality and values followed by such person. On the basis of trust, integrity and complex issues like diversity, governance and compliance, the ethical decisions are undertaken. When it comes to the businesses, they are faced with ethical decision making process quite often, and this have to be solved on the backdrop of ethical integrity. Through this discussion, the business ethics in context of the given case study have been analysed. Ethical Issues The case study highlighted a key ethical issue and this was related to the lack of a proper method being used for attaining the data of a competitor, in addition to the objectives of getting this information. The intelligence spying of competitors is deemed as an unethical manner of getting the confidential data of another company, for the benefit of the company in which the person works (Garfunkel, 2014). The competitive intelligence spying is deemed as unethical as the information of the competitor, which is attained by the company, is private and material information, which has the power of dismantling or gravely harming the competing company and by using this confidential information of the company, the other company can reap benefits. The competitive intelligence spying is also deemed as corporate espionage and is deemed as an unethical behaviour, the roots of which are in the information being gathered in such a way which is deemed as illegal. Where the loopholes of thelaw are taken advantage of, in order to consider it as a legal task, it still remains unethical due to the focus over the word of law, in place of the spirit oflaw (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell, 2016). The case study which has been given shows that the competitive information was obtained by the boss of Michael, as he hacked into the private intranet of the competitor, which is deemed as an illegal thing. Later on, the boss made a statement where the unethical conduct was again highlighted particularly for the manner in which the information had been attained by the boss. The reason for obtaining the information was to get the personal benefit for the company. As a result of this, the competitive intelligence spying, the ethical issue was raised in the given case (Daft and Samson, 2014). Requisite Steps to be undertaken by Michael The given case study shows that Michael was required to undertaken certain measures governed by the two ethical theories, i.e., utilitarianism and virtue ethics. As per the ethical theory of utilitarianism, such an act has to be undertaken through which the benefit of the majority is attained and the utility of the action is maximized (Bykvist, 2010). By following this theory, the actions are deemed right when the happiness is promoted and is spread between a high numbers of people. Through this theory, pleasure and happiness is deemed as the key values, which a true utilitarian upholds in their actions, through which the happiness of individuals is deemed as the main goal, instead of being focused on the happiness of a single or group of persons (Santa Carla University, 2014). The given case study shows that Michael has to adopt a true utilitarian approach and has to give supremacy to the happiness of the world, instead of the happiness of company where he works under the boss. And so, Michael is under the obligation to stop his boss from making a misuse of the other companys confidential information as the same does not result in happiness of the world, but just for the company. Based on the virtue ethics, the persons virtues in terms of character and mind of a person have to dictate the decisions which are made by the person. Based on this theory, the definition of virtue and nature of it is given supremacy. As a result of this, a virtuous person needs to show the qualities of honesty, courage, temperance, and justice to highlight good character (Winter, 2011). The given case shows that Michael had to act on the basis of this theory as a result of which, he was required to be honest, just, courageous and fair in the work done by him. This would have meant that instead of going forward with the orders of his boss, he would have taken strict steps and blown the whistle to curb the wrongdoing of the boss for upholding a sense of justice. Unethical Boss of Michael From the actions which have been undertaken by the boss of Michael, it can be clearly stated that he had undertaken unethical conduct. The reason for stating this is that he used the confidential information of its competitor and handed over the same to the subordinate for the benefit of his company. Apart from indulging in corporate espionage, he was very proud of his actions and even wanted the information to be used for the benefit of his company. The ethical theories of utilitarianism and virtue ethics again clarify that his actions were concentrated on his own benefits instead of that of the world; and in doing so, he was neither honest nor fair, thus lacking the virtuous character. And so, it can be stated with a definite clarity that Michaels boss was indulged in unethical conduct as he procured the material information of another company in unlawful manner and used it for the benefit of his company. Whistleblower: Michael The best manner of describing a whistleblower is such a person who expresses unlawful or unethical conduct, being indulged in by the company, for bringing forth the unethical conduct which is going on in the company, before the world. There are a number of statutory instruments through which the whistleblowers are protected and this is done in order to protect the person blowing the whistle, from discrimination or harassment. Hence, due to these legislations, a whistleblower cannot be removed or dismissed from the job and in some other company, they cannot be denied a job opportunity, just because they had been a whistleblower in past (Brown, 2008). There are number reasons which act as the motivating factor for the whistleblowers and this is more than mere monetary rationales (Waytz, 2016). The reward programs are brought forward by the government officials in order to bring forward to the notice of the government regarding the illegal activities. However, as per the conducted studies, the motivation of the whistleblowers lies in the physical wellbeing of the general public, instead of mere monetary gain (Alejandro, 2016). The whistleblowers are such people who give supremacy to the ethical theories and concentrate on these ethics in place of the financial benefits which are derived from being rewarded by the government. These individuals blow the whistle when they come across illegal or corrupt activities which the organizations undertake and of which, such individuals are a part (Alfred, 2016). One can justify whistle blowing by undertaking some particular conditions. It is important for the whistle blower to ensure before blowing the whistle, regarding the validity of the claims. This has to be coupled with the motives which are pure and genuine. Hence, where a whistle is blown as a result of an employee holding a grudge against the employee, the motive of the whistle blowing would not be justified or genuine for that matter. Whistle blowing has to be undertaken with the goal of bringing an end to the harm being caused to others and not harming the employer as a result of a grudge of an employee (Shaw, 2013). Whistle blowing is deemed as a very serious matter and is not to be taken lightly, as a result of the major repercussions attached with it. This is the reason why the whistleblowers are required to exhaust all the available alternatives, before they blow the whistle against the organization. This requires the whistleblower to attempt to settle the issue at hand in the company itself at the initial stages, where they discuss the matter with their superiors and with the relevant departments of the company. If a proper result is not obtained by undertaking or utilization of these resources, the whistleblower then should go ahead with whistle blowing process. As stated earlier, the whistleblowers are given different safeguards; though, they fail to prove useful and the whistleblowers have to bear the consequences of blowing the whistle. So, the whistle should only be blown in such cases where the person is okay with making some personal sacrifices and is ready to face certain hardships ( Vaughn, 2012). Relevance of Ethics in Business The ethics are deemed as significant when it comes to businesses and also with regards to their relevance to the conduct of business. An ethical company indulges in ethical practices, which allows the businesses to attract a higher customer base, in addition to employees and investors being attracted towards the company. The ethical companies are able to present a positive image before the customers which attracts the customers towards the products of such companies, in turn increasing the revenues of the company. The employees also want to be associated with such companies which conduct their operations in an ethical manner, as it helps in reducing the turnover of labour, and this again helps the company in raising their productivity. This also allows the companies to retain and attract staff, helping in increasing its talent pool, which brings down the costs of recruitment (ACCA, 2014). The ethical company also attract the faith of a higher number of investors, which results in more capital being available with the company and increases the share prices of the company, which overall results in the value of the company being raised. An ethical company also is able to attract the confidence of the regulatory bodies, as the government is often focused on unethical companies, in comparison to scrutinizing of the activities of an ethical company. Unethical behaviour spoils the reputation of the company, which results in the business having to suffer. And by being ethical, the company can continue on a path of growth (Minus, 2013). Conclusion From the discussion carried on the previous segments, it can be concluded that Michael was faced with an ethical dilemma due to the conduct of his boss being unethical. The boss had stolen the information of a competitor in an unlawful manner and wanted it to be used for the benefit of the company. However, the ethical theories required Michael to not follow the instructions of his boss and instead, blow the whistle. This would have resulted in the utility being maximized and ethics being upheld, as ethics are crucial for the growth of any company. References ACCA. (2014) Why is ethics important to business?. [Online] ACCA. Available from: https://blogs.accaglobal.com/2014/11/25/why-is-ethics-important-to-business/ [Accessed on: 21/10/17] Alejandro, H. (2016) What Motivates a Whistleblower?. [Online] Lexology. Available from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=3708e644-10d0-488a-b00a-f8a21f5b2414 [Accessed on: 21/10/17] Alfred, C.F. (2016) Whistleblowers: Broken Lives and Organizational Power. New York: Cornell University. Brown, A.J. (2008) Whistleblowing in the Australian Public Sector: Enhancing the Theory and Practice of Internal Witness Management in Public Sector Organisations. Canberra: The Australian National University. Bykvist, K. (2010) Utilitarianism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Daft, R.L. and Samson, D. (2014) Fundamentals of Management: Asia Pacific Edition PDF. 5th ed. South Melbourne: Cengage Learning Australia. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J., and Ferrell, L. (2016) Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases. 11th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Garfunkel, T. (2014) Is Competitive Intelligence Ethical?. [Online] Digitalist. Available from: https://www.digitalistmag.com/technologies/analytics/2014/11/20/competitive-intelligence-ethical-01792890 [Accessed on: 21/10/17] Minus, P.M. (2013) The Ethics of Business in a Global Economy. New York: Springer. Santa Carla University. (2014) Calculating Consequences: The Utilitarian Approach to Ethics. [Online] Santa Carla University. Available from: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/calculating-consequences-the-utilitarian-approach/ [Accessed on: 21/10/17] Shaw, W.H. (2013) Business Ethics: A Textbook with Cases. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Vaughn, R.G. (2012) The Successes and Failures of Whistleblower Laws. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. Waytz, A. (2016) Whistleblowers are Motivated by Moral Reasons Above Monetary Ones. [Online] Pro Market. Available from: https://promarket.org/whistleblowers-motivated-moral-reasons-monetary-ones/ [Accessed on: 21/10/17] Winter, M. (2011) Rethinking Virtue Ethics. New York: Springer.

Jcpenney Swot free essay sample

Strengths Some of the strengths of JCPenney are that their corporation has a long history because they have been around since 1907. This long sense of history has earned them brand recognition worldwide. Their establishment of locations nationwide has given customers with a square deal and popular brand names. One of their most important strengths is their location as a customer you look for convenience in the store in how close it is and their services but exclusively their prices, JCPenney pursues to lower their prices and have many sales included during the month. The convenience meets the customer satisfaction which results in the customer to return to the store. Weaknesses A major weakness for JCPenney is that they have had in the past surplus inventory. The overflow in the items they had acquired had caused them to lose profits over just a couple of days and the spare stock wasn’t removed so because of this they weren’t able to meet the new fashion tendencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Jcpenney Swot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This disaster also caused the company to not be able to obtain new goods since all their budget was used to buy the surplus inventory in the store. They lacked to obtain new fashion trend which cost them the ability to attract new customers. Causing customers to believe they had limited brands. Opportunities JCPenney has some of the most experience management that has worked with other store competitors. They would allow JCPenney to create new ideas in order publicize and exemplify the company and help the profits in their firm. Since most of the customers have a JCPenney credit card they are able o check their annual incomes, the assortments are viewed that the incomes are middle class families with a financial gain of $25,000 to $50,000. With this data they seek for new ways to entice the middle class family with affordable prices for both, the company and the customer. Which is where the catalog comes into place, the catalog is used for people who may not find some items they want in stock they are able to shop from the catalog in their like of color, size, and style with no cost of shipping. Also JCPenney includes sales in their store almost every week especially for a member of a credit card from JCP. Threats The fact that JCPenney is no longer located in many places by itself but within a mall contracts a lot of competition from other stores inside the mall itself, creating a big downfall for JCPenney. The request for any kind of clothing or product in the store is elastic, so if the customer feels the price is too high then they go and shop at alternative business corporation with a more economic price. Like for example, Wal-Mart where they say â€Å"We’ll match any price†. Through the years JCP has become a large corporation with a big strive and an objective to remain competitive and like any other company they have their weaknesses and their strengths. Yet they manage to incorporate new developed systems for customer satisfaction and the company’s benefits. Although JCP has a long line of competitors they strive for excellence in their services, and I say this personally because I shop there a lot!

Marine Corps Business Research

Marine Corps Business Research Free Online Research Papers Business Research Applications Paper In every business atmosphere some form of research being conducted at all levels to improve performance, make better returns on investments, decide on the next project, and many other forms. Research is conducted to provide managers with decision making abilities. How a manager decides to complete one task over another is often based on research. This paper will focus on research in the Marine Corps. Business Research is defined as â€Å"a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide managerial decisions. More specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize business performance.† (Cooper Schindler, 2006, p. 4). In the Marine Corps, many forms of research are being conducted at all times to improve the capabilities and cost effectiveness of the Service as a whole. Many different categories are covered in research in the Marine Corps such as Recruiting and Retention, Training and Education, Procurement and use of various forms of gear and warfighting. The area I will focus on specifically is the staple of the Marine Corps, Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare. Within the realm of Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department, areas such as Command and Control, Firepower, Force Protection, Land Mine Countermeasures, Human Performance, Intelligence, Logistics and Maneuver are all areas of research. The mission of the Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department as a whole is: To lead the Department of the Navys Science and Technology effort that develops future combat capabilities for Naval Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and the Departments role in Combating Terrorism through the exploitation and subsequent application of Science and Technology in order to enhance the ability of the Navy-Marine Corps team to achieve assured access and conduct decisive operations as the naval portion of a Joint campaign. To lead the Department of the Navys Science and Technology effort that develops future combat capabilities for Naval Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and the Departments role in Combating Terrorism through the exploitation and subsequent application of Science and Technology in order to enhance the ability of the Navy-Marine Corps team to achieve assured access and conduct decisive operations as the naval portion of a Joint campaign. The specific components of the Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department are below. Command and Control, often referred to as C2, is basically the use of authority and direction of a commander over assigned forces to accomplish a mission. In today’s use of many forms of communication the C2 has become C4, Command and Control, Computers and Communication. C4 research is aimed at â€Å"markedly improving on capabilities in over-the-horizon, beyond line-of-sight, and restricted environment communications; mobile networking; tactical decision making; tactical situational awareness; and small unit position location and navigation.† (United States Navy, 2009). Firepower research is meant to â€Å"develop advanced technologies for application on current and future Marine Corp Expeditionary Firepower systems and all other elements of the kill chain. Current efforts focus on enhanced accuracy, tailored lethality, improved mobility, enhanced targeting and lightweight components.† (United States Navy, 2009). Force Protection research is meant to â€Å"develop, demonstrate and transition advanced technologies for future protection of today’s warfighter in the areas of individual Marine platforms, equipment and autonomous systems. Enhance the ability to stop the most common threats, counter and readily adapt to future threats from a global network of violent extremists while minimizing impact on mission accomplishment.† (United States Navy, 2009). Mine Counter Measures (MCM) division â€Å"develops technologies for critical Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Mine Countermeasures needs to make sea and land MCM an integrated, seamless, and fully integral component of Expeditionary Maneuver Warefare. Focus areas include landmine detection, breaching/neutralization of all mine types and enhanced survivability.† (United States Navy, 2009). Human Performance, Training and Survivability (HPTS) division focuses on the ability to â€Å"empower today’s warfighter by closing human performance gaps using training and survivability solutions, thereby creating tomorrow’s superior warrior. HPTS is defined broadly to include all aspects of human performance in the domains of Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance and Survivability, and Training Technology Enhancement.† (United States Navy, 2009). Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance division focuses on â€Å"developing and leveraging advanced technologies for applications in future intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Enhance situational awareness, and tactical decision making.† (United States Navy, 2009). The Logistics division focuses on â€Å"developing and maturing technologies for application to current and future Marine Corps expeditionary systems. Focus is on supporting on the tenets of Seabased Logistics with emerging technologies focusing of improved distribution, reduced combat load in areas of fuel, water and energy and improved maintenance capabilities.† (United States Navy, 2009). Lastly, the Maneuver division focuses on â€Å"developing, demonstrating, and transitioning technologies that will increase the warfighting capabilities and effectiveness of the MAGTF. This Thrust will capture emerging and â€Å"leap ahead† technologies in the areas of mobility, materials, propulsion, survivability and unmanned systems.† (United States Navy, 2009). All these divisions are focused on making the Marine Corps a better and more capable fighting force. I believe that the Marine Corps has every tool needed to conduct research properly and that the research is conducted in a manner which will best suit the needs of the Corps. The Marine Corps puts very capable people in positions to best effect change in needed areas. Every Marine will conduct a debrief of every mission, no matter the size or scope, once the mission is complete. These â€Å"after action† reports are always sent to higher headquarters for review and will eventually make it to the â€Å"Lessons Learned† division. Once the missions and briefs reach this level, a report will be generated and sent out to the Marine Corps as a whole. Every Marine will be informed of the problems and success areas of every mission. The lessons learned are sent directly to the schools that teach a particular skill to improve the abilities and knowledge of the young Marines being trained. Research that is conducted in the warfighting area of the Marine Corps is done very well. One are that I believe needs improvement is the military career development. I believe that many young Marines are not informed of the opportunities that are available, or the steps needed to be successful early in their careers. Young Marines are often focused on learning skills needed for their particular job. This often creates an atmosphere where little time available for professional growth as a careerist. I know and understand that many Marines will only serve a short period on active duty, usually four years, and they are not concerned with what they are doing now and how it may affect their career years down the road. If more training research were conducted to improve the knowledge of young Marines for their future, I believe many Marines would stay in the Marine Corps and be more successful in every aspect of their life. Regardless of the business type, research is required to be successful. Every manager, leader or executive must have good research in order to make informed and sound decisions. The Marine Corps is well aware of the need for research and does a very good job of it in most areas. Throughout this paper, I have discussed many forms of research currently being conducted for the warfighting portion of the Marine Corps now and into the future. References 1. Cooper, D.R., Schindler, P.S. (2006). Business Research Methods (9th ed.). New York: \ McGraw-Hill Irwin. 2. United States Navy. (2009). Office of Naval Research. Retrieved May 16, 2009, from onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/30/ Research Papers on Marine Corps Business ResearchOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Case Study 6-2 Johnson & Johnson's Enterprise Infrastructure

6-2 Johnson & Johnson's Enterprise Infrastructure - Case Study Example This paper also looks at the strengths and weaknesses of this strategy. Johnson & Johnson Company is an American multinational company that has been manufacturing and marketing pharmaceuticals, consumer packaged goods and medical devices since 1886 when it was founded (Makower & Pike, 2009, p. 130). In 1995, this company had a plan to offer its key customer with an efficient customer delivery service system through a single point of contact (Ross, 2003, p. 32). This move involved a lot of changes in the company’s structure in view of the fact that, Johnson & Johnson has been operating as a decentralized corporation with nearly one hundred and fifty operating companies. This paper discusses this move by Johnson & Johnson’s towards providing an information technology infrastructure to support its single point of contact customer strategy. The one-face-to-the-customer strategy was meant to provide the key customers to this company with a single point of contact to this firm’s services and products. This strategy was known as the Johnson & Johnson Health care System that was formed for the purpose of marketing the products of all the existing companies under this umbrella company from a single point of sale (Weill & Broadbent, 1998, p. 19). From this single face, its big customers who consisted of large retail stores in the United States like, Wal-Mart could get access to the variety of products this company sold. This strategy was a response to the changing trends in the market from stand-alone customers like physicians and hospitals, to integrated delivery system where different stakeholder are becoming interconnected with an aim of delivering quality and cost effective health products. In addition this strategy was meant to ease the difficult work that these companies had made to its customers, in view of the fact that the customers had to bear with a large number of contracts with the various operating companies of

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industry's blockbuster-driven Essay

Challenges to the pharmaceutical industry's blockbuster-driven business model, and the effectiveness of GlaxoSmithKline's strate - Essay Example The model is mostly used in entertainment and pharmaceutical industry because they can afford to invest a considerable amount in their projects where the development, costs and risks related to the projects are higher and the returns on these projects tend to be higher too. The companies have to make sure that after the huge investment in the projects for marketing and development of new drugs is made, a considerable amount of control should be exercised on the revenue and profit streams. However, presently the blockbuster model which is proposed for the pharmaceutical industry has helped several companies to develop medicinal drugs that are worth trillions of dollars and has also led to the loss of exclusivity of several drugs. The actual cost of researching on a new drug is worth $1.7 billion and that is valued to be more than 55 percent of the increase in the average commercialization cost, which is expected to take down the investment returns in the past few years (Nisen, 2013). There are high hopes for the blockbuster model which is based on current investment returns, forecast, and successful commercial performance. The blockbuster model is expected to deliver actually 5 percent returns on investment which is significantly much lower than the industry rate risk and adjusted cost of capital (Nisen, 2013). This signifies that only one of six drugs is likely to deliver high returns above cost of capital which is an unattractive proposal for the required investors. The outcome of the establishment of the blockbuster model was as follows: Decreasing Research & Development Productivity- Compared to the thirteen medical products which were successful during the tenure of 1995 to 2000, during the tenure of 2009 to 2011, only eight medicinal drugs were found to be successful (Nisen, 2013). Increasing cost of commercialization: It has been observed that the actual cost of commercialization has been much higher than the expected cost estimated by the analysts. Monit oring Payment: The growing challenges and the rising price pressure on the cost of development have limited the total revenue from the average drug. Shorter Exclusivity Payments: The creation of the FDA approval and the MCO coverage is quite a time consuming process and has led to the loss of exclusivity of several medicinal drugs. This suggests that several medical drugs are under patent protection risk (Nisen, 2013). Enactments: Enactments like, The Affordable Care Act, has made the process of developing drugs extremely difficult because of the stringent rules associated with the act. These strict laws associated with the act have made it difficult for the pharmaceutical companies as the failed medicinal drugs which are developed by these companies are not reimbursed by their insurance firms. In most of the industries, there are several winning strategic business models which are prevalent. Blockbuster model helps in the improvement of the existing systems and processes within the systems and also, lays special emphasis on the utilization of the company investment in a systematic way for the creation of franchises for medical products. The creation of franchise system would help to achieve global sales of more than $ 1 billion (Nisen, 2013). In the past few years, the blockbuster business model could not solve factors that are responsible for the research and development activities, cost of commercialization and shorter exclusivity gaps of medicines. The model has failed to

Strategic Management - Assignment for TNC Case Study

Strategic Management - Assignment for TNC - Case Study Example TNC is a diversified entertainment enterprise functioning in eight industry segments, including; Television; Filmed Entertainment; Direct Broadcast Satellite Television; Cable Network Programming; Magazines and Inserts; Newspapers; Book Publishing, and Other. The News Corporation functions mainly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, Australia, Asia and the Pacific Basin. It is engaged in the operation of broadcast television stations, and the development, production and distribution of network and television programming through its subsidiaries (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008). The Company is involved in the direct broadcast satellite business through its subsidiary, SKY Italia. It also owns interests in BSkyB and DIRECTV, which are engaged in the direct broadcast satellite (DBS) business. It is also involved in the newspaper and magazine publishing business in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and the United States through its various subsidiarie s. Through HarperCollins Publishers (HarperCollins), its wholly owned subsidiary, the Company is engaged in English language book publishing on a worldwide basis. TNC has shown consistent revenue and profit growth in recent years. ... They have a strong library content consisting of film achieves in the 1940s to present. Opportunities In the first instance many of its opportunities arise from the very nature of the competitive environment. Opportunities that are literally available to TNC in the television and print media market are many and varied. Especially its strategically important acquisitions have played a very big role in determining its success. TNC acquired Dow Jones & Company. This has helped place TNC on a firm footing. It allowed the company to expand its online presence and tap into the higher growth rates than many of its core traditional businesses. This will allow TNC to maintain their solid earnings growth without the downside of a pure growth company. TNC has benefited from the emerging markets in Asia, especially that of India and China. The combined population of the two countries equal approximately 2.5 billion. This is the economic reality and TNC has much to gain from its expansion into this region. Alternative media outlets such as the television, cable network programming, direct satellite broadcast and the print media such as magazines and newspapers. Therefore it can reach the market using any of these alternatives before or on par with their competitors. There has been a growth in High Definition Television (HDTV) in recent years and TNC has a sizable percentage in this technology. TNC is looking at new technologies that promise to improve spectrum efficiency or otherwise increase available capacity so that DIRECTV could expand the amount of HDTV content. Options such as the use of Ka-band capacity, higher order modulation schemes, such as the 8PSK technology FOX uses for its broadcast distribution

Economic Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Economic Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Water pollution is ever more becoming a big problem that the human population needs to seriously look at. Water is the most valuable resource that we have and all living things cant go for long without it. 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered with water but apparently only 3% of it is fresh and fit for human consumption. Of that 3%, 75% of it is frozen; leaving a mere 1% of the earths surface water which is available for consumption. Some of the major sources of water pollution include agricultural pollution, organic pollution, toxic waste, runoff and thermal pollution. In modern times, organic pollution has been on an upward trend to the environment and this is heavily because of the growing population the world is witnessing. One will find in a developed city, that there are so many people that the environment sewerage plants and sewerage plants are not able to take in all the waste and at the same time, function in its usual way. The excess waste becomes food for the algae and this increases their growth rate and thus depletes oxygen in the water. In order to combat diseases and combat the extinction of plant and animal life, which play a big part in the economy, water pollution should be put under control. It has been estimated that it is the lead cause of deaths and diseases in the world. To control water pollution steps need to be taken like treatment of domestic sewage, which apparently contains 99.9% of pure water, industrial waste water treatment, done through pollution prevention process, agricultural waste water treatment through point and non point source control system and many other ways. Research question Does water pollution really have an effect on the economy? Significance This proposal aims at looking at the various ways that can be used to prevent water pollution and to establish the ways that are most efficient and economically viable. This will be done by clearly looking at all the methods that can be used to prevent water pollution and their workability. The importance of so doing is to look at the cost effective method than can be used and how well the method works. Literature Review This research proposal aims at looking at the different types of water pollution i.e. point source pollution and the non-point source pollution, the causes i.e. pathogens, chemical and other contaminants, thermal pollution and also to look into details the different methods that are used to reduce or eliminate water pollution i.e. domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, construction site stormwater, urban runoff (Parks, 2007). Previous research During the summer of 1971, at a filtration plant in Chicago south, the filters were blocked with a lot of algae that they hand to be removed by hand. The water tasted and smelled like dead fish and this led to the addition of a lot more chlorine in order for the water to be drinkable. If this can happen to such big lakes like Lake Michigan then all the lakes out there are not safe. To stop this from happening better systems to treat sewage need to be devised. New systems that take raw sewage and turn it into usable water have been developed, however it is only done on a small scale basis. A research done by Pulitzer centre found out that more than 900 million people in the world do not have access to clean water everyday and that 4500 people die each day due to waterborne illness. People spend a lot of time on a daily basis to fetch clean water, taking time away from more economically productive education and work. This is despite the fact that unlike most crises around the world, sa nitation and clean water can be achieved at affordable prices and the reward of the venture is impressive. METHODOLOGY There are two types of water sources, ground water and surface water and they both have different pollutants. Some of the sources of surface water pollution include: Point source pollution- This refers to a single recognizable source of water pollution and the contaminants enter the channel through passages such as a ditch or a pipe. This can be done through discharges from a factory, stormwater or a sewage line. From the book written by S.K. Agarwal, he says that much of the pollution in our rivers is caused by human activities which are not controlled causing accelerated flow of soil minerals from the land to the rivers. He says that point source water pollution can be prevented by ensuring that the water coming from factories and sewerage systems is well treated before being released into rivers and other water bodies. Non-point source pollution-This refers to pollution that does not originate from one discrete source. It is mostly summative contamination effect of little amounts of contaminants which gather from a large area. An example is the runoff of nutrient in storm water or storm water that is washed off from roads, parking areas or highways. Some of these discharges may contain harmful pollutants that may mix with clean water and make it harmful to plants and living organisms. This can be prevented by channeling the run off to other places where it can be treated before being released to water bodies. Ground water pollution-This is not easily categorized as surface water pollution. Groundwater aquifers are at risk of contamination from sources that may not openly affect surface water bodies Causes of water pollution The precise contaminants that lead to pollution in water include a wide range of chemicals, pathogens, and tangible or sensory changes such as increased temperature and discoloration. Even though most of the substances and chemicals that are found may be naturally occurring (sodium, calcium, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often determines what is a normal composition of water, and also what is a contaminant. Substances that deplete oxygen may be natural materials, such as plant matter like leaves and grass, as well as artificial matter like chemicals. Other natural substances may cause turbidity which occurs as cloudiness blocking light and disrupting plant growth, and clogging the gills of some fish genus. Many of the chemical matter are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne ailment in either humans or animals. Modification of waters physical chemistry includes change in pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and eutrophication. This is an increase in the intensity of chemical nutrients in an ecological unit to a level that increases in the primary productivity of the ecological unit. Depending on the quantity of eutrophication, subsequent destructive environmental effects such as oxygen depletion and rigorous reductions in water quality may occur, distressing fish and other animal populations (Parks, 2007). BIOLOGICAL IMPURITIES: Virus, Bacteria, and Parasites Ages ago, waterborne diseases caused a lot of deaths. Even today in underdeveloped nation, an anticipated 25,000 people will pass away daily from waterborne diseases. Consequences of waterborne microbes can be instant and overwhelming. Therefore, microbes are the most significant consideration in making water up to standard for human consumption. Generally speaking, current municipal supplies are rather free from unsafe organisms because of regular disinfection with chlorine and recurrent sampling. This does not imply that municipal water is free of all bacteria. People with personal wells and undersized rural water systems have a greater reason to be alarmed about the possibility of microorganism contagion from animal waste, septic containers, and many other problems. In California, there is a little district, where 4,000,000 gallons of urine is taken up by the ground daily from dairy cows! Powers that be claim that nearly 4000 cases of waterborne illnesses are accounted every year in the U.S. They also approximate that much of the temporary ills and day by day gastrointestinal malady that go usually unreported can be accredited to organisms located in our water supplies. INORGANIC IMPURITIES: Total Dissolved Solids These substances include dissolved rock particles and other compounds from the ground. The existence and quantity of total dissolved particles in water characterizes a point of controversy among those who endorse water treatment products. The consequences of higher levels of Total Dissolved Solids in water include: High TDS water is always less thirst quenching. High TDS results in undesirable flavor which could be bitter, salty or metallic. High TDS hinders the flavor of foods and drinks, resulting to them not being pleasing to consume. Some of the entity mineral salts that build up TDS can cause an assortment of health hazards. The most problematic are Sodium, some Nitrates, Sulfates, Copper, and also Barium. Dirt and Sediment or Turbidity Most waters have some suspended elements which may be made up of clay, fine and sometimes rough sand, different grades of soil, and precipitated salts in general. Turbidity is nasty to see, and it can also be a source of food and place to stay for microorganisms, and can get in the way of effective disinfection. Radioactivity As much as trace amounts of radioactive elements can be obtained in almost all drinking water, intensities that pose serious health hazards are reasonably rare. Radioactive wastes percolate from mining processes into groundwater supply. The maximum threat is posed by nuclear processing plants, nuclear mishaps, and radioactive waste discarding sites. As containers having these wastes weaken with time, the risk of contaminating our aquifers grows by the day. ORGANIC IMPURITIES: Herbicides and Pesticides The growing use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture can be seen in our drinking water. Irrigation and Rain bring these fatal chemicals down into the groundwater and also into surface waters. There are approximately 100,000,000 inhabitants in the US who depend on groundwater for supply entire or part of their drinking water. The way our dependence upon groundwater is increasing, so is its contagion. Our own domestic use of herbicide and pesticide substances also adds to real contamination. These same chemicals can bring about respiratory, circulatory and nerve disorders (Parks, 2007). Tastes and Odors If the water you use has a disagreeable taste or odor, there is a chance that it is due to one or even more of numerous unrefined substances ranging from rotting vegetation to algae; phenols to hydrocarbons. It can also be TDS or a host of other items. Effects of water pollution Water borne diseases Human communicable diseases are some of the gravest effects of water contamination, particularly in growing countries, where hygiene may be insufficient or non-existent. Waterborne diseases come about when parasites or other disease-causing microbes are transmitted through contaminated water, particularly water tainted by pathogens starting off from excreta. These may include intestinal vermin, typhoid, and even most of the enteric and diarrhea diseases that are caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Some of the gravest parasitic diseases are ascariasis, amoebiasis, and even hookworm (Parks, 2007). Even developed countries are not resistant to the crisis of infectious waterborne diseases. In the year 1993, there was a high cryptosporidium level in Milwaukees drinking water delivery that sickened more than 400,000 people. It was an extreme case, but diffusion of infection agents such as bacteria and cysts through contaminated but poorly treated public water is even more regular than it should be. Each year, approximately seven million Americans are made sick by tainted water. This is just partly because of drinking water-pollution of recreational water, like the beach water and swimming pools, is also a predicament. Nutrient pollution The emancipations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients that come from waste disposal, agriculture, coastal expansion, and fossil fuel application. Once the nutrient contamination reaches the coastal zone, it encourages harmful overgrowths of algae, which can have straight toxic effects and in the end result in low-oxygen conditions. There are certain types of algae which are poisonous. Overgrowing of these algae may result in risky algal flourish, which are frequently referred to as red tides .Zooplankton eat the poisonous algae and start passing the toxins up the food series and affect edibles like clams, and eventually working their way up to seabirds, aquatic mammals, and humans. The result can be sickness and sometimes death (Agarwal, 2005). Urbanized countries have started checking for toxic algal blooms, shutting fisheries as necessary. This has been able to reduce the frequency of related human illness but has also had the obvious economic charge of lost income for fishers and other related businesses-and it does nothing to solve the trouble for the oceanic life stuck in the center of the red tide. Lastly, nutrient pollution can set off unusual outbreaks of fish diseases. For instance, experts have found out that Pfiesteria, a tiny aquatic pathogen, can prosper in nutrient-polluted waters. In the year 1991, it is estimated that at least a million menhaden fish in North Carolina, were swiped out in a Pfiesteria epidemic. Again in 1997, numerous tidal creeks in the Chesapeake Bay watershed got a Pfiesteria epidemic, and grave fish kills occurred creating a huge dent in the economy. Nutrient pollution is believed to have played a role in the two cases. Chemical pollution. In the years, several types of chemicals have gotten into our watercourse -and still continue to do so to date. Chemical pollution of water usually occurs because the chemicals were discarded into the water deliberately; the chemicals oozed into streams, groundwater, or rivers because of weakening pipes or storage containers; the chemicals disastrously tainted waterways because of industrial accidents; The pollution developed out of polluted air or was brought on out of polluted air. Chemicals were leached out of polluted earth. The kinds of chemical contamination above are regarded as point sources of pollution of water. On the other hand Non-point-source chemical contamination also happens through pesticide runoff from farm lands and homeowners lawns, as well as overflow of vehicle fluids and other different chemicals from parking bays, tarmac roads, driveways, and many other surfaces (Burk, 2005). In regard to general human wellbeing effects, pesticides can Distress and injure the nervous system; Cause injury to the liver; Damage DNA and be the root of a assortment of cancers; Cause reproductive damage; Cause additional severe toxic effects. Petroleum and Oil Chemicals As oil contamination gets into water, some of the compositions are tarnished and detached by photochemical processes, evaporation, and even bacterial degradation, while others can be more challenging and may persist on for many years, especially in low waters with muddy sediments. Experts know that oil or the chemical components of it can seep into marshland and sub-tidal sediments and stay there for decades, harmfully affecting marine worms, marsh grasses, and other marine life that live around or in the sediment. Conclusion The tap water quality is synchronized, and almost 100% of communal water systems in the United States are meeting the set clean drinking water standards. But this is not good enough because many people are still persuaded its worth buying water that is bottled. Even when the Environmental Working Group did tests on tap water from a number of urban areas, it found around 119 allegedly normal chemicals-some of which the EPA has put health-based restrictions-and another 141 totally unfettered chemicals. If tap water has those many chemicals in it but can still be classified as meeting water quality values, one might say that the standards not up to date. In all regards, it is fair to say that tap water usually has a some what strong chlorine taste. Chlorine and its disinfecting byproducts are known to be health threats, and no one wants to be the casualty of the next cryptosporidium-in-drinking-water crisis or some similar horror (Tripathi Pandey, 2009). Therefore it is no wonder that many of us go to the extra expenditure and trouble of buying bottled water or filtering tap water, even if there are no set of laws that guarantee those approaches will be able to offer water which is safer. People should not agree to this situation passively. It is costing us a lot of money. The income for bottled water is approximately $12 billion in a year-in the United States alone. And on top of that, you can add the money for filters for the kitchen-sink water. Put in the additional fuel use associated with built-up, packing, and transportation of these goods, and we find that the cost of avoiding tap water that is polluted is rather soaring. We had not even counted the health costs connected to waterborne ailments and other health complication because of water pollution. What if we as a people were to spend just half of this money as an alternative to addressing the basis of water pollution? It could go a extensive way toward putting in place old water treatment plants; funding the restoration wetlands and efforts of monitoring watershed; and tightening the enforcement laws that govern clean water.

Great Expectations: Gods Law Vs. Human Law Essay -- Great Expectations

Great Expectations: God's Law vs. Human Law In his book Great Expectations, the problematic nature of moral judgement and justice that stems from a conflict between God's law and human law is one of several topical themes that Charles Dickens addresses. This paradox regularly surfaces in his treatment of plot and setting, and is more subtlety illustrated in his use of character. To facilitate the reader's awareness of such a conflict, the narrator often uses language that has Christian connotations when relating his thoughts and when giving descriptions of the environment, characters and events that take place. While these things allude to divine and moral law, the story itself revolves around crime and criminals, thereby bringing issues of human law into focus. The climate for this theme is established from the very beginning of the novel. Pip's act of Christian charity towards the convict can also be considered a serious crime. The story opens in a churchyard where the grave, symbolic of eternal judgement can be contrasted with the nearby gallows, symbolizing human punishment. Set on the eve in which we commemorate the birth of Christianity, an institution based on charity and love, Pip feels guilty for bringing food to a starving fellow human. Pip must steal food from his own family to help Magwitch, thereby transforming mercy and compassion into crimes. As Pip is running home, he looks back at the convict and sees him limping towards the gallows "...as if he were the pirate come to life, and come down, and going back up again" (27). This imagery conveys a complicated perception of guilt as something conscious of its own moral accountability, frightening and self-destructive. When Magwitch is caught, he gives a false confession to stealing the food from the Gargery's to protect Pip. Joe replies that he wouldn't want him to starve and that he was welcome to it. Pip highlights the conflict between divine and human law by comparing the Hulk that his convict is returned to as "a wicked Noah's ark" (56). Thus in these first few chapters, the ideals of justice, mercy, law, and punishment are intermingled and confused. This confusion is furthered by Mrs. Joe, who actually transforms charity into punishment. Her beatings, bullying and lectures of how she brought Pip up "by hand" at great personal sacrifice are a constant reminder ... ...er. In one short episode, Pip has described himself as a penitent, a prisoner, and a confessed wrongdoer. The conflict between Pip's own instincts regarding morality and conventional perceptions of justice and punishment is manifested as the guilt he is burdened with throughout his childhood and young adult life. Pip accumulates these feelings and attempts to suppress them throughout most of the story. At one point the narrator takes a moment to reflect on his guilty conscience: As I had grown accustomed to my expectations, I had insensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself and those around me. Their influence on my own character, I disguised from my recognition as much as possible, but I knew very well that it was not all good. I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. (256) He goes into great debt in his attempts to distract himself from this guilt, and drags his dear friend Herbert along with him (which he also expresses guilt about). His vain attempt to make reparations with his conscience by sending "a penitential codfish and a barrel of oysters

Payroll System Essay

A.)Introduction: Business are arising in all the sides of the globe. Man power are very much well present in every business there is. This project allows the speed up the process of calculating payrolls with the capability of generating reports. B.) Problem definition In today’s world. The bigger the company, the higher the possibility that the calculations of salaries to employees would be a great disaster to the company itself. The system has the capability of doing calculation with major vast of people which is hard to monitor. It speeds up the calculation of payrolls for the employees, insuring that the payment are both accurate and precise. One of the major problem that the system could not do is to render the specific time for every transaction of employees in each company. C.) Objectives of the study The main goal is to give the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee and to minimize their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and cash advances. D.) Terms of references of the study By giving this fee services. The company has to give us full access to the system that the company uses or the data’s concerning the employees and their backgrounds. In return, the system that we’ll provide would be free of charge. This is for research purposes. E.)Expected Benefit Payroll System is the heart of any human resource system of an organization. The solution has to take care of the calculation of salary as per rules of the company. In this study we used to developed computer based payroll system to improve a faster, easier and reliable of way of payroll. It helps the staff of the company for easy filing and conducting their finance share in every employee, clerk and maintenance of their company. Payroll system can be used to speed up the process of calculating pay, ensuring that payments are both accurate and precise. They save you the burden of learning and understanding complex payroll legislation. Trouble free payroll processing is a critical need of any business. Payroll software completes payroll calculations within a fraction of the time it would take to do them manually. Another huge advantage of running payroll software over a manual process is in the reporting, most systems allow, weekly, month and annually required reports to be run at the press of a button. It possible with a lot of payroll software to integrate with your time sheet systems that record employee attendance or time worked. It a simple way for information about employee hours worked to be transferred into the payroll system removing yet another layer of manual processing. System Proposal Payroll system is used to maintain a list of employee’s names, addresses and employment information and used to interactively calculate and print payroll check. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. Employee’s hours are entered and distributed to appropriate department. Annualized tax tables are then used to automatically compute deductions before the check is printed on bank stock. Monthly and quarterly reports are used to prepare tax filings, and provide analytical information. It help the owner to correct the flaws in terms of computing the employee’s salary by computing it right after the day. First the system will ask the employee to enter your employees no. and password. If your name and password does not match the employees that is stored to the database the system will display a message box, but if the employees and password match the database a message box will appear telling â€Å" Welcome!†. Secondly, this system can add employee. View and compute their salary and produce their pay slip. Can view the personal information about the employees. FEASIBILITY STUDY An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Payroll cannot be processed without payroll system because with the use of this system, it can minimize the work of an employer. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, then comply with other regulations. It can make the employer to be easily get the information of all the employee and so that the calculation of the salary of each employee will be computed right. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. And for the admin staff to lessen their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and Feasibility Study An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Consequently, payroll cannot be processed without a payroll system. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, plus comply with other statutory regulations.

feudilism essays

feudilism essays The term feudalism is derived from the Latin feodum, for fief, and ultimately from a Germanic word meaning cow, generalized to denote valuable movable property. Feudalism began around 450 AD after German invaders had conquered Rome. Its origins were between the Rhine and Loire rivers, but it soon spread from France to Spain, Italy, and later Germany and Eastern Europe. It reached its maturity around the 11th century and proceeded to grow into the 13th century. Feudalism continued in all parts of Europe until the end of the 14th cent. Feudalism origined out of the failure of the centralized government in the 9th century, which made Europeans insecure. Feudalism is a system of human relationships i.e. mutually beneficial personal agreements between people for the purpose of protection and justice. Agreements consisted of private contracts wherein one person accepted the position of being a dependant of another and this agreement was guaranteed by grants of land called fief. In an ideal feudal society the ownership of all land was vested in the king. Beneath him was a hierarchy of nobles, the most important nobles holding land directly from the king, and the lesser from them, down to the seigneur who held a single manor. The political economy of the system was local and agricultural, and at its base was the manorial system. Under the manorial system the peasants, laborers, or serfs, held the land they worked from the seigneur, who granted them use of the land and his protection in return for personal services and for dues. In some cases the king would also grant immunities to those he would grant land wherein that lord would be able to exercise his own government on his land. There was a formal procedure to connote the creation of a contract called the investiture ceremony. It took place between a lord and a vassal, wherein the lord bestowed land on to the vassal and the vassal took an oath of fealty. The oa...

Nelson Surname Meaning and Family History

Nelson Surname Meaning and Family History Nelson is a patronymic surname meaning son of Nell, a form of the Irish name Neal, from the Gaelic Niall, which is thought to mean  champion. In some situations the surname could also be matronymic, meaning son of Eleanor, a female given name with the same origins as Neal. Nelson could also be an Anglicized spelling of similar sounding  Scandinavian surnames such as Nilsen, Nielsen, and Nilsson. Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  NEILSON, NEALSON, NILSON, NILSEN, NILSSON, NIELSEN Famous People with the Surname Nelson Willie Nelson - American country music artist and songwriterHoratio Nelson - great English naval leader during the Napoleonic WarsJohn Allen Nelson - American actor Where the Nelson  Surname Is Most Commonly Found Today, the Nelson surname is most common in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears, ranked as the 34th most common surname in the country. WorldNames PublicProfiler profiles Nelson as most popular in the northern midwest and northwestern states- especially Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana- possibly due to large numbers of Scandinavian immigrants to those areas. Nelson is also a fairly common last name in a number of African countries, according to Forebears, including Uganda and Mozambique, and in the Caribbean. Based on 1901 census data, Nelson was not very common in Ireland, with the exception of the Northern Ireland county of Antrim, followed by Down, Londonderry, and Tyrone. Irish surname mapping tools from John Grenham indicate that the Nelson surname is especially common in Northern Ireland, particularly in the counties of Down and Antrim. This was true in the mid-nineteenth century based on Griffiths Valuation (1847–1864), as well as into the twentieth century based on a mapping of Nelson births between 1864 and 1913. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Nelson 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Nelson DNA Project: Join up with other Nelson descendants who are using DNA to help sort out their various family lines.Nelson  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Nelson  family crest or coat of arms for the Nelson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Nelson Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Nelson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Nelson query.FamilySearch - NELSON  Genealogy: Explore over 11  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Nelson  surnam e, as well as online Nelson family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. NELSON Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Nelson surname.DistantCousin.com - NELSON Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Nelson.GeneaNet - Nelson  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Nelson  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Nelson  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Nelson  from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997

Patient Education in Diabetes Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patient Education in Diabetes Care - Term Paper Example As previously mentioned, type II diabetes is on the rise in industrialized countries and therefore its management poses a significant problem to clinicians. As the disorder can be self-managed in a majority of cases, it can be useful to educate patients about the best way to approach their own health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). However, many patients may lack the knowledge or the expertise to really understand their disease and their health, meaning that many nurses feel that education could really be beneficial to diabetes patients managing their own care. The purpose of this study was to give sessions to eight diabetes patients who were willing to participate in diabetes in the hope that this would make them feel more in control of their outcomes and overall health. The research study gathered eight patients with informed consent for three group sessions about various topics concerning diabetes and health (Esden & Nichols, 2013). These were held monthly. The first and the last session were slightly longer as these had pre- and post-intervention tests to measure the patient’s knowledge about diabetes to see if the intervention was useful to them (Esden & Nichols, 2013). Additionally, several health measurements were taken (height, weight, blood pressure). The three assessment measures used were the Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test, the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, and the Diabetes Care Profile (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This type of method is good because it covers how the patients improved in their knowledge of diabetes over the time period, and the three scales used are clinically approved and recognized in the community. Results were analyzed using SPSS, another recognized tool, adding support to the results. Overall, all the participants showed a significant improvement on all three scales (Esden & Nichols, 2013). This suggests that these sessions could be useful in improving the knowledge of those with diabetes, which previous studies have shown to improve outcomes. This means that this type of session could have a huge impact on nursing practice if instated correctly.     

IT - Operation Aurora Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Operation Aurora - Research Paper Example This cyber security and the increasing cyber crime had been the greatest concern for the present as well as for the future generation. A study made in the year 2003 in the United States of America revealed that 31 percent of the respondents considered this cyber security as the second most concern after the misappropriation of the individual assets. Moreover over 15 percent among the respondents have experienced the threat of cyber security in the last two years facing a loss which most of them could not quantify in actual. However on an average measurement of the total financial cost for the last two years incurred in cyber crime valued to be about 812,318, US dollars (Smith, Grabosky, & Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Thus the paper focus on cyber security with the main focuses on Operation Aurora. Type of breach Viruses in the computer system, defacement or the alteration of the websites along with system crashes and redirection or even misappropriation of the resources of the system are som e of the breaches generally reported in regards to the cyber security (Smith, Grabosky, an Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Morgan Stanley underwent a "sensitive breach" where hackers attempted to enter its complex for six months, starting from June 2009 (Rashid, 2011). Circumstances of the occurrence of breach Operation Aurora is a large scale hacking that victimized even Google and Morgan Stanley along with about 200 other companies with most of their identities not yet revealed. They had made the breach occurring in Google public in the month of January 2010. However they kept the hacking of the company of DuPont secret. Fear of the affect on the investors of the company in revealing the hacking or the breach was the reason behind the secrecy maintained by the company to the public. The seriousness of the issue of this cyber hacking forced the white house in engaging a senate task force for reporting and investigating in the security issues of this cyber world. The recent trend of the online attacks in targeting the renowned international companies reveals the cyber insecurity of the corporate world. In order to prevent the dangerous trend from persisting and even increasing the companies have to undertake own initiative in ensuring steps for the security of their own data served online. According to the Whitehouse, theft and piracy are engaging in the transfer of wealth that is the biggest in the planet history and the victim companies stands on the ultimate losing end. Another incident of an attack launched in the year 2009 that had the Chinese base had targeted the energy companies. The security firm of McAfee reported the attack named as â€Å"Night Dragon†. However the identity of the targeted company was not disclosed by the report published by McAfee. But the emails of the company of HBGary Federal had with it the lists of the name of the targeted companies. According to the lists the companies were Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, General Electric, Marath on oil along with ConocoPhillips and BP. (Liebowitz, 2011) Operation Aurora even imposes a break in the network security of the bank, Morgan Stanley. A company of cyber security working with the corporate bank had their very sensitive email stolen which indicates the experience of the hacking of the ‘China based hackers’

From Englightenment to Romantisicm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

From Englightenment to Romantisicm - Essay Example Mozart’s oeuvre often focuses on these subjects – he revolutionised traditional operas by making a member of the serving class the hero of one of his masterpieces in â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro†, where the popular figure of Figaro (a barber) triumphs over his social superiors because of his higher moral values, and because of his wit. The play by Beaumarchais on which the opera libretto was based was banned in Vienna in the times just before the French Revolution, as the content was deemed too inflammatory. The opera â€Å"Don Giovanni† remains to this day one of the most often performed operas worldwide. This paper will explain the particular fascination this opera still holds today by demonstrating the complexity of two of the main characters of the libretto, Leporello, Don Giovanni’s valet, and Don Ottavio, the fiancà © of Donna Anna, one of the women Don Giovanni tried to seduce. As in the comic opera â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro† Mozart and Da Ponte sketch a two-tier society and the characters in Don Giovanni are either members of the aristocracy or the serving class comprised of servants and peasants. Again, moral values are not identical with class and rank, but low morals can be found in the aristocracy (Don Giovanni) and high morals can be found in the peasant class (Zerlina, Masetto). Leporello appears to be a case of his own - in the first Act we find Leporello in the garden owned by the Commendatore whilst his master, Don Giovanni, is attempting to seduce Donna Anna, the Commendatore’s daughter and fiancà ©e of Don Ottavio. Leporello, although a loyal servant, is dissatisfied with his employment and with his master. He complains that he is kept busy day and night, as expressed in his aria â€Å"Notte e giorno faticar† which could be translated as â€Å"day and night nothing but work†. The close proximity to his master and the knowledge he has therefore gathered about his master’s life

Wilkerson Company Case Essay Example for Free

Wilkerson Company Case Essay 1. The Wilkerson Company is in the business of manufacturing valves, pumps and flow controllers. The company has been experiencing profit losses due to price reductions as a result of heavy competition in the pump category, which is considered a commodity product. In the valves category, Wilkerson seems to be a market leader with a loyal customer base. The valve business is less competitive, with no price reductions, and therefore the company has maintained its gross margin target while not compromising market share. Similarly to the valve business, the flow controller category is not as competitive as the pump industry, hence Wilkersons ability to increase price by 10% without sacrificing volume. In addition, the company needs to take into consideration its increase in indirect expenses relatively to the direct labor expenses. All in all, the company has seen its pre-tax margin decrease from 10% to 3%. 2. Adopting a periodic expense approach will severe the already current problems with Wilkersons cost system by distorting even more the actual cost picture. The reason is that the periodic method would ignore the companys product mix as each of the 3 categories has a differentiated direct cost structure. This would therefore create an even more incorrect analysis of the companys profit structure. Although the current cost allocating system is not optimal (as will be discussed later), it is still preferable over the periodic system, which does not take into account any overhead costs when analyzing product margins and the margins effect on the overall profit. 3. Today, Wilkerson uses a simple cost accounting system which charges each unit of product for direct material and labor cost. Material cost is based on the component price, while labor rates are charged to products based on the production run times of each product. Then, the overhead costs are allocated to each of the 3 products as a percentage of production run direct labor costs (currently 300%). 4. Table 1: Activity Based Costs Drivers and Rates Table 2: Calculations of product margins based on current method: Table 3: Calculations of product margins using proposed Activity Based Costing: The shifts in costs and profitability seen above are driven by all the factors that are not taken into account in the current cost allocation system: production runs, number of shipments and hours of engineering work. We believe that these factors are optimal for estimating the cost per product. For example, if we look at the flow controllers, we can see that they have the least machine hours but the highest values of all cost drivers mentioned above. This dramatic difference distorts the cost analysis and favors the flow controllers on the account of the valves and especially the pumps. 5. There are number of options to improve the companys profitability: * Flow Controller Price Increase: As described in the case, Wilkerson has recently raised flow controller prices by 10% without effect on volume. This leads us to believe that it would be possible to further increase prices in order to improve the products losing gross margin (-10%). * Flow Controller Cost Reduction: In addition to a possible price increase, Wilkerson must find a way to lower costs. This may be done by lowering the number of shipments (cost driver) to customers. According to the current agreements with customers, products are packaged and shipped for just-in-time delivery. This method substantially increases the number of shipments and packaging related expenses. This change can be successfully carried out by offering customers volume related discounts in order to decrease the total number of shipments by increasing the size of each shipment. The rationale behind this recommendation is that the cost driver is the number of shipments, rather than the size of each shipment. * Company Product Mix: Based on our profitability calculations for each category, Wilkerson can improve its total profit and profitability by changing its mix to favor valves rather than pumps. Moreover, there is room to consider reducing or even stopping the manufacturing of flow controllers. 6. Our concern regarding our cost estimates used in the previous sections is that the data in exhibits 1, 2, 4, used for all calculations, is based on a single month and does not necessarily reflect a typical month. A more accurate way to estimate cost would be to rely on a longer period of time (perhaps annual). In order to improve our cost and profitability estimates it would be helpful to have information regarding GA, Selling and Marketing cost drivers so we could allocate them directly to each product cost as well. Lastly, we assumed it possible to further increase flow controller prices without affecting the sales volume. It would be helpful to have more data regarding changes in prices and effect on their sales volume. 7. A number of changes may be made to the current compensation method in order to improve profit: * Higher compensation for sales of high profit margin products in order to improve sales mix as mentioned above. * Relative compensation to quantity of sale. This will also promote the goal of cost reduction as it will decrease the number of shipments.

International Logistics Essay -- essays research papers

Logistics is the designing and managing of a system in order to control the flow of material throughout a corporation. This is a very important part of an international company because of geographical barriers. Logistics of an international company includes movement of raw materials, coordinating flows into and out of different countries, choices of transportation, cost of the transportation, packaging the product for shipment, storing the product, and managing the entire process. The concept of logistics is fairly new in the business world. The theoretical development was not used until 1966. Since then, many business practices have evolved and logistics currently costs between 10 and 25 percent of the total cost of an international purchase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two main phases that are important in the movement of materials: material management and physical distribution. Materials management is the timely movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies. The physical distribution is the movement of the firm’s finished products to the customers. Both phases involve every stage of the process including storage. The ultimate goal of logistics is to coordinate all efforts of the company to maintain a cost effective flow of goods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are four logistics concepts: the systems concept, the total cost concept, the after-tax concept, and the trade-off concept. The systems concept is based on all functions of a organization working together in order to maximize benefits. This concept sometimes requires certain components of the organization to operate suboptimally in order to achieve maximum goals of the system. The total cost concept is based on the systems concept, however goal achievement is measured in terms of cost. A variation of the total cost concept is the after-tax concept. This goal of this concept is after-tax profit. This concept is becoming very popular because of the many different national tax policies. The trade-off concept links the system together in a way that is very efficient, but can have trade-offs that might be inefficient. The advantages of such high efficiency must be weighed against the risk involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the largest obstacles of international logistics is geography. The distance and manner materials must be shipped is the most important step in inte... ...anagement is based on the fact that a company needs to have a division that helps control the local-adaptation needs. Dealing with different cultures requires input from the local branch. The managers that deal with the cultural differences on a daily basis normally know what works and what doesn’t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outsourcing is the final option for logistics management. When this happens, transportation firms concentrate on logistics, and the company can concentrate on it’s production. There are many cost savings using this type of program, however that lack of control can negatively effect many companies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International logistics requires many different options and requirements to be met in order for a company to operate internationally. It’s like a big puzzle that must be put together, in order for all the goals to be met. As described above, there are many options to consider, and sometimes what appears to be an option really isn’t. It is not difficult to hit a road block, and you must start over with a new plan. Once the logistics plan is in place, you must constantly look for improvements in order to maximize profits and goals.